As mentioned earlier, [[amebiasis]] and proctitis are both illnesses associated with gay bowel syndrome.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=PubMed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=946385&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus The gay bowel syndrome: clinico-pathologic correlation in 260 cases.]</ref> In addition, it was also indicated previously that amebiasis can cause proctitis which increases the risk factor in regards to HIV infection.<ref>http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/001139.htm</ref><ref>[http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/470936_4 Medscape - New Look at "Gay Bowel Syndrome"]</ref>
The abstract for the 2018 ''[[Eurosurveillance]]'' journal article ''Outbreak of intestinal amoebiasis among men who have sex with men, Barcelona (Spain), October 2016 and January 2017'' indicates: