Genetic code
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Genetic code is the instructions in a gene that tell the cell how to make a specific protein. A, T, G, and C are the "letters" of the DNA code; they stand for the chemicals adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, respectively, that make up the nucleotide bases of DNA. Each gene's code combines the four chemicals in various ways to spell out 3-letter "words" that specify which amino acid is needed at every step in making a protein. The genetic code is identical in every organism.
Sources
http://www.genome.gov/glossary.cfm?key=genetic%20code%20%28ATGC%29
