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:According to the most ancient tradition, found in [[Africanus]] and [[Eusebius]], and not disputed before the second half of the nineteenth century, the Gospel of Matthew was the first to be written, and Mark's was the second. Mark traveled extensively with Peter as his ''amanuensis'' (companion, assistant and secretary, 1 Peter 5:13), and after Peter's martyrdom he put down in writing the details of the events in the ministry of Christ which Peter had constantly recalled and related in his preaching and teaching. Most of the Gospel of Mark is an expansion upon much of Matthew's Gospel, presenting additional detail(see [[Augustinian hypothesis]]). The [[hypothesis]] of [[Marcan priority]] was first advanced in the 19th century by German textual critics and biblical theologians as part of Otto von Bismarck's anti-Catholic ''[[Kulturkampf]]'', which proposes instead that Matthew, writing later, drew upon Mark's account and summarized and rearranged the details of his narrative. (See [[Fallacy of exclusion]] and [[Confirmation bias]]; also [[Logical fallacy#Proof by assertion|Proof by assertion]] and [[Fallacy of extrapolation]].) This purely speculative view is widely held by liberal biblical scholars in German and English speaking countries. In the United States acceptance of Marcan Priority has often been a test of the "academic competency" of those faculty members who teach Biblical Studies. The Marcan priority of Mark has more recently in the 21st century come under renewed scrutiny and found to be defective and lacking sufficiently substantial documentary support. (See [[Fallacy of exclusion]] and [[Confirmation bias]].)