'''Newfoundland''' is a province of Canada, and an island off the Canadian mainland. It is the oldest English dependency in the New World; until 1949 when it joined [[Canada]] it was part of the [[British Empire]].
The province is officially the '''Province of Newfoundland and Labrador''' and includes all of the island of Newfoundland, as well as Labrador, a large, lightly populated area of mainland. Before 2001 the official name was "Newfoundland," and most people still call it that, for Labrador has only 28,000 people or 6% of the total population. Since World War II, people from Newfoundland are often called "newfies", a term that the locals dislike, and disparaging jokes about stupidity are common in Canada.<ref>see George Morley Story et al. ''Dictionary of Newfoundland English'' (1990) [httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=XrVbk3EndTcC&pg=PA343&dq=newfies&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=0#v=onepage&q=newfies&f=false p. 343 online]</ref> The capital is [[St. John's]]. The total area is 405,720 km<sup>2</sup>.
Newfoundland became a self-governing dominion in 1855, but lost independence when it went bankrupt in the 1930s, and reverted to the status of a colony ruled by London. Wartime prosperity gave the colony the chance to choose its own future, and after a hotly contested vote it joined Canada in 1949.
* Jackson, Lawrence. ''Newfoundland & Labrador'' (1999)
* MacNutt, W.S. ''The Atlantic Provinces: The Emergence of Colonial Society'' (1965)
* Prowse, D.W. ''A History of Newfoundland'' (1895) 744pp, highly infleuntial classic history [http://collections.mun.ca/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/cns&CISOPTR=22018&REC=2 complete text online];also [httphttps://books.google.com/books/pdf/A_History_of_Newfoundland.pdf?id=jdEOAAAAYAAJ&output=pdf&sig=-kTiGMC9PgGninE-ERmZN17bDdY complete text downloadable]
* Rowe, Frederick. ''History of Newfoundland and Labrador'' (1980).
* Smallwood, Joseph, et al. eds. ''The Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador'' (5 vol 1981-94) 3900 pages; available on cd-rom [http://www.cuff.com/enl/Anext.htm portions online]
* Hiller, James, and Peter Neary, eds. ''Twentieth century Newfoundland: Explorations'' (1994), 384pp; 10 essays by scholars [http://www.amazon.com/Twentieth-Century-Newfoundland-Explorations-History/dp/1550810723/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1206594020&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hiller, James K. ''Confederation: deciding Newfoundland's future, 1934–1949'' (1998)
* Hiller, J. K. and Harrington, M. F., ed. ''The Newfoundland National Convention, 1946-1948.'' (2 vols. 1995). 2021 pp. [httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=HcBTy7iPuAkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:newfoundland+inauthor:Hiller&lr=&as_brr=0&sig=CSm8ZJGbvGXEDTGR9Vj5rqdYJXY excerpts and text search]
* Hiller, James K. "Robert Bond and the Pink, White and Green: Newfoundland Nationalism in Perspective." ''Acadiensis'' 2007 36(2): 113-133. Issn: 0044-5851
* Hiller, James K. "Smallwood, Joseph Roberts (1900–1991)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', online ed, May 2007
* Hollett, Calvin. ''Shouting, Embracing, and Dancing with Ecstasy: The Growth of Methodism in Newfoundland, 1774-1874'' (2010)
* House, J.D. ''The Challenge of Oil: Newfoundland's Quest for Controlled Development.'' ISER Books (1985) re 1980s
* House, J.D. ''Against the Tide: Battling for Economic Renewal in Newfoundland and Labrador.'' (1999) [httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=B8RvgYn--rgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:Against+intitle:the+intitle:Tide+intitle:Battling+intitle:for+intitle:Economic+intitle:Renewal&lr=&as_brr=0&sig=gXpJwnTb3T__WfLm5eNbmqf861Q excerpts and text search]
* Kealey, Linda, ed. ''Pursuing Equality: Historical Perspectives on Women in Newfoundland and Labrador.'' St. John's: Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1993. 310 pp.
* Letto, Douglas. ''Chocolate bars and rubber boots: the Smallwood industrialization plan'' (1998)
===Primary sources===
* ''The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs'' (annual 1901-1933) report on the year in Newfoundland, stressing politics [http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/nfldhistory/NewfoundlandrelationsCanada.htm online edition]
* Millais, John Guille. '' The Newfoundland Guide Book, 1911: Including Labrador and St. Pierre'' (1911) [httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=mCpJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA88&dq=intitle:The+intitle:Newfoundland+intitle:Guide+intitle:Book&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=0 online edition; also reprinted 2009]
* Moyles, Robert Gordon, ed. ''"Complaints is Many and Various, But the Odd Divil Likes It": Nineteenth Century Views of Newfoundland'' (1975).
* Neary, Peter, and Patrick O'Flaherty, eds. ''By Great Waters: A Newfoundland and Labrador Anthology'' (1974)