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[[File:Govt placement chart.png|thumb|250px|Alternative political spectrum chart, based on the degree of power government wields over the individual.]]Historian [[Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.]] has said the spectrum theory was "adequate to the political simplicities of the nineteenth century, when the Right meant those who wished to preserve the existing order and the Left meant those who wished to change it. But the twentieth century, here as elsewhere, introduced new ambiguities." <ref>[http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/schlesinger-notrightleft.html Not Right, Not Left, But a Vital Center], [[Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.]], ''New York Times Magazine'', April 4, 1948.</ref> In modern times, the left emphasizes [[collectivism|collective]] wisdom as a guiding force (see [[planned economy]]), while the right emphasizes individual rights.

*The rise of fascism and communism illustrated vividly the fallacies of the linear conception of Right and Left. In certain basic respects - – a totalitarian state structure, a [[single party]], a leader, a secret police, a hatred of political, cultural and intellectual freedom - – fascism and communism are clearly more like each other than they are like anything in between. [<ref>http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/schlesinger-notrightleft.html]</ref>

The monarchy and titled nobility became known as the "right"; this idea , however , has been disabused in the United States where a landlord class of titled nobles never existed, and , in fact , is specifically prohibited by the U.S. Constitution. Hence Europeans today, based upon their own cultural idioms and history, have an extremely discolored view of what the "American right" is.

Those who we refer Contrary to as liberals and the left-wing today were historically the conservatives and the right-wing that were responsible for the Trail of Tearspopular belief, slaveryhowever, secession, segregation, bombings, and lynchings. The hijacking and redefining of the terms "liberal" and "left-wing" would later be used to push "The Big Lie" that the Republicans and the Democrats swapped platforms when the Republicans began gaining control of the South so African American voters and voters in the North would believe that the racist conservatives of the Democratic National Socialist German Workers' Party became Republicans since the Democrats had a bad reputation of being the conservative party and the Republicans had the good reputation of being the liberal party and that the Party of Lincoln would be the Democrats today since it's the Democrats who we call the liberals today. Wikipedia, including many historians teach that the historical definitions of "liberal" and "left-wing" and "conservative" and "does not qualify as right-wing" had under even the same meanings European definition, as they do today and they use the definitions European definition of the terms interchangeably all throughout history which is why it is still commonly believed by many that the Democrats of the past who were the conservative party would be the Republicans today since it's the Republican Party that we call the conservative party and groups like the Ku Klux Klan who were historically "right-wing" entails adherence to and "conservative" in loyalty toward the sense of the historical meanings of the terms would be right-wing monarchy, and conservative in the sense of how those terms are defined today which is not true. Yes, they Nazis were rightstrongly anti-wing and conservative in the sense of how those terms were defined historically. Todaymonarchist, they would be left-wing and liberal. This confusion is why it's believed by many that President Abraham Lincoln would be a Democrat since he was a liberal prior refusing to the redefining of the term.  Many do not realize that the liberals who championed for the rights of minorities and women that they accredit modern liberals for instead would later go on to be the classical liberals after the term "liberal" was redefined and then later become the modern conservatives. They believe that the classical conservatives who are todayrestore Germany's modern liberals that redefined the terms "left-wing" and "liberal" and hijacked the terms and were responsible for the Trail of Tears, slavery, secession, segregation, bombingsmonarchistic system, and lynchings are the Republicans today and that those who we called the conservatives from the Democratic Party are the same as those who we call conservatives today late in an attempt World War II even tried to pin what they did on modern conservatives and steal credit from pre-New Deal liberals who freed overthrow the slavesmonarchy of one of their fellow Axis countries, gave African Americans and women the right to voteHungary. Furthermore, passed women's suffrageby European standards, and would later go on the Nazis certainly were not loyal to pass any church or belief system in the Civil Rights ActJudeo-Christian God or Abrahamic religions. Yesterday's liberals would be today's conservatives and yesterday's conservatives would be today's liberals. Wikipedia and many historians also use the terms "liberal" and "left-wing" and "conservative" and "right-wing" both interchangeably and intercontinentally and they combine Europe's political spectrum with America's political spectrum which is why it's also believed by many that Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers' Party Nazis were right-wing atheist (or at most pagan) revolutionaries and why they're commonly placed on the American right when the fact is that they're centre-left socialists through and only right-wing in Europe because Europe's political right does not extend as far as America's political right and fascism is through, albeit a mixed economy which takes the private property element from capitalism parochial socialism and government control of production from communism. The definitions of the terms "liberalclassless society" and "conservative" are reversed in Europe just like they were at one time in America. Europe has never had laissez-faire economics like America has had which is considered liberal there and used to be considered liberal in Americabased on national origin. Former President Barack Obama is considered among many Europeans the most conservative or right-wing president America has ever had.

Nationalism can be defined as pride in one's native language and culture. Socialist theoreticians, wanting to overthrow the exisitng existing order, stirred up nationalist resentment among the minorities within the larger German, Russian, and Austro-Hungarian Empires. The reaction among Austrian Socialists was quite different. A solution to the problem of nationalities became policy in Austria-Hungary on two levels: territorial autonomy for territorial minorities, and "personal autonomy" for members of minorities dispersed among peoples of different languages and cultures. Minorities were to be granted the right to have their own schools and their own institutions. Many minorities realized it was better to remain subjects of the supra-national Hapsburg state than to be subordinate to repressive policies and actions of other national groups. Austrian Socialists rejected the idea of [[national liberation movement]]s and the dissolution of the Hapsburg Monarchy into independent national units.<ref name="talmon">J. L. Talmon, ''The Unique and the Universal'', Secker & Warburg, London 1965.</ref>

Left/liberals like personal choice in civil matters and central decision-making in economics. They want government to serve the disadvantaged and promote equality. Left/liberals place a high value on good intentions. They accept diversity in social behavior but seek more equality in economics. They work with libertarians in defending civil liberties and with socialists in advancing economic central planning.

Right/conservatives like personal choice in economics and central decision-making in civil matters. They want government to defend the community from threats to its moral fiber. Right/conservatives place a high value on laws and legislation. They accept diversity in economics but seek similarity in social behavior. They work with libertarians in defending economic freedoms and with populists in enforcing community standards in social matters.

Furthermore, the old fashioned left-right model is fatally flawed. The model implies that if you "go too far" (i.e., are consistent) with any political idea, you end up, in some inexplicable way, at [[totalitarianism]] or anarchism, or maybe both. Pursue conservative thought to its logical extreme, according to this model, and you somehow end up at fascism, which is national socialism, or white supremacy or some other authoritarian position. If you pursue liberal thought too far, you supposedly end up at socialism or communism. This is inconsistent, and it ignores large philosophical differences between, liberalism and communism, and conservatism and fascism. Furthermore, calling anarchism far right is also a misnomer, as there were plenty of explicit adherents to the far-left who dabbled in anarchism, including even the likes of Karl Marx (who advocated that true Communism would have the state fade away), and in fact, the founder of anarchism as a political movement, Pierre Joseph-Proudhon, also adhered to several far-left views such as anti-Semitism and even socialism, including declaring, a'la Jean Jacques Rousseau, that private property was theft.

In politics, '''right-wing''' historically referred to a society run by natural law or tradition. It is generally synonymous with politically [[conservative]] beliefs, including economic and social conservatism, and support for a strong military and an active foreign policy. The term "right-wing," as well as "left-wing," came from the French Revolution, a reference to where people sat in parliament, although there <ref>There was also a theory where the terms originated from the Book of Revelations relating to Jesus transfiguring those on his left side and right side into goats and sheep, respectively.</ref> although in the United States there never was a [[divine right of kings]] or [[feudal]] nobility, which defines the [[Europe]]an concept of "conservatism" and "the Right." America since its founding had [[separation of church and state]].

The term '''Rightist''' refers to someone on the 'right' side of the political spectrum. Politics on the 'right' usually imply taking positions in favor of the traditional system of a society, including its traditional values and its traditional ruling institutions. Compare: [[leftist]]. Following the left-right political spectrum, a "Right-Winger" could be referred in America refers to as anyone who favors having marginally more economic than personal libertiesbelieves in [[liberty]] and limiting the powers of civil government.

Usage of terms like "right wing", "far right", and "ultra-right" by liberals about conservatives is usually intended to conjure up images of fascism and Nazi genocide<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (June 24, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/06/24/williams-establishment-anything-not-them-far-right/ Williams: For the Establishment, Anything Not Them Is ‘Far Right’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 24, 2018.</ref><ref>Kassam, Raheem (November 18, 2016). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2016/11/18/murdochs-times-smears-breitbart-extremist-sky-news-calls-us-ultra-right/ KASSAM: Murdoch’s Reporters Smear me as ‘Ultra Right’ While Happily Working With me in Private]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 24, 2018.</ref><ref>Duke, Selwyn (December 10, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/30874-another-far-right-party-rises-in-europe Another Supposed “Far Right” Party Rises in Europe]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 10, 2018.</ref> (though an objective interpretation of the left-right political spectrum would reveal that the fascist regimes of WWII Europe were closer to the left-wing than to the right-wing). Indeed, some critics openly liken Israel and its leaders to "Nazis", even though Israel is the most democratic country in the entire Middle East.<ref>Arabs have full citizenship rights in Israel, even serving as judges and legislators.</ref> The misapplication of the right wing and far right to that of the Nazis is due to Josef Stalin stating after World War II that Nazis and fascism were "far right" or "right wing" both the paint truly right-wing organizations in a negative light and to deflect any blame from the Soviets regarding similar actions they may have conducted, as well as the [[Frankfurt School]] taking advantage of the post-war attempt by the [[American Jewish Committee]] to research the events of Nazism to prevent it from coming back to mislead people per their Marxist agenda.