The '''thirteen colonies''' were the original colonies of the [[United States]]. They were: Massachusetts<ref> It absorbed the Plymouth Colony</ref>, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. On July 4, 1776, they became states and formed a new nation, the '''United States of America.'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
| [[Georgia]] || 1732 || [[James Oglethorpe]], brought [[English]] debtors to protect [[Georgia]] from the [[Spanish]] || Indigo, tobacco || Governor appointed by king || Protestant
|}
==Bibliography==
* Cooke, Jacob Ernest, ed. ''Encyclopedia of the North American Colonies'' (3 vol 1993), comprehensive coverage with Spanish, French and Dutch receiving equal attention with British
===Scholarly secondary sources===
* Adams, James Truslow. ''The Founding of New England,'' (1921)[http://www.dinsdoc.com/adams-1-0a.htm online edition]
* Andrews, Charles M. "Colonial Commerce," ''American Historical Review,'' 20#1 (October 1914) pp. 43-63 [http://www.dinsdoc.com/andrews-1.htm online]
* Andrews, Charles M. ''Our Earliest Colonial Settlements: Their Diversities of Origin and Later Characteristics'' (1933) briefly discusses Virginia, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Maryland) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=6552109 online edition]
* Andrews, Charles M. ''Colonial Self-Government, 1652-1689.. (1904) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=55413362 online edition]
* Andrews, Charles M. ''The Colonial Period of American History,'' (1934-38) (the standard overview in four volumes) [http://ets.umdl.umich.edu/a/acls/browse.html online at ACLS e-books]
* Beer, George Louis. "British Colonial Policy, 1754-1765," ''Political Science Quarterly,'' vol 22 (March 1907) pp 1-48; [http://dinsdoc.com/beer-1.htm online edition]
* Beeman, Richard R. "The Varieties of Political Experience in Eighteenth-Century America'' (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0812219775/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpt and text search]
* Berkin, Carol. ''First Generations: Women in Colonial America'' (1997) 276pp [http://www.amazon.com/First-Generations-Women-Colonial-America/dp/0809016060/ref=sid_dp_dp/103-4827826-5463040 excerpt and text search]
* Bonomi, Patricia U. ''Under the Cope of Heaven: Religion, Society, and Politics in Colonial America'' (1988) (online at [[American Council of Learned Societies|ACLS]] History e-book project)
* Bonomi, Patricia U. ''A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York,'' (1971) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98025896 online edition]
* Brown, Kathleen M. ''Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gender, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia'' (1996) 512pp [http://www.amazon.com/Wives-Nasty-Wenches-Anxious-Patriarchs/dp/0807846236/ref=pd_sim_b_shvl_title_17/103-4827826-5463040 excerpt and text search]
* Bruce, Philip A. ''Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century: An Inquiry into the Material Condition of the People, Based on Original and Contemporaneous Records.'' (1896), very old fashioned history [http://www.dinsdoc.com/bruce-1-0a.htm online edition]
* Carr, Lois Green and Philip D. Morgan. ''Colonial Chesapeake Society'' (1991), 524pp [http://www.amazon.com/Colonial-Chesapeake-Society-Lois-Green/dp/0807843431/ref=sip_rech_dp_3/103-4827826-5463040 excerpt and text search]
* Crane, Verner W. "The Southern Frontier in Queen Anne’s War," ''American Historical Review'' vol 24, (April 1919) pp 379-95. [http://dinsdoc.com/crane-1.htm online edition]
* Gipson, Lawrence. ''The British Empire Before the American Revolution'' (15 volumes) (1936-1970), Pulitzer Prize; highly detailed discussion of every British colony in the New World
* Greene, Evarts Boutelle. ''Provincial America, 1690-1740,'' (1935) survey by scholar [http://www.dinsdoc.com/greene-3-0a.htm online edition]
* Hatfield, April Lee. ''Atlantic Virginia: Intercolonial Relations in the Seventeenth Century'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Atlantic-Virginia-Intercolonial-Relations-Seventeenth/dp/081221997X/ref=sr_1_8/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1192998497&sr=1-8 excerpt and text search]
* Illick, Joseph E. ''Colonial Pennsylvania: A History,'' (1976) [http://www.questia.com/library/book/colonial-pennsylvania-a-history-by-joseph-e-illick.jsp online edition]
* Kammen, Michael. ''Colonial New York: A History,'' (2003)
* Labaree, Benjamin Woods. ''Colonial Massachusetts: A History,'' (1979)
* Kulikoff, Allan. ''From British Peasants to Colonial American Farmers'' (2000) [http://www.questia.com/library/book/from-british-peasants-to-colonial-american-farmers-by-allan-kulikoff.jsp online edition]
* Middleton, Richard. ''Colonial America: A History, 1565-1776'' (3rd ed 2002), 576pp [http://www.amazon.com/Colonial-America-History-1565-1776/dp/0631221417/ref=pd_bbs_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1192997693&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Morgan, Edmund S. ''American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia'' (1975) Pulitzer Prize[http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101062594 online edition]
* Osgood, Herbert L. ''The American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century.'' 3 vol (1904-07) [http://dinsdoc.com/osgood-8-0a.htm online edition]
* Tate, Thad W. ''Chesapeake in the Seventeenth Century'' (1980) [http://www.amazon.com/Chesapeake-Seventeenth-Century-Thad-Tate/dp/0393009564/ref=sr_1_23/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1192998781&sr=1-23 excerpt and text search]
* Taylor, Alan. ''American Colonies,'' (2001) survey by leading scholar [http://www.amazon.com/American-Colonies-Settling-America-Penguin/dp/0142002100/ref=pd_bbs_3/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1192997693&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]
* Vickers, Daniel, ed. ''A Companion to Colonial America.'' 2003. 576 pp.
===Primary sources===
* Kavenagh, W. Keith, ed. ''Foundations of Colonial America: A Documentary History'' (1973) 4 vol.
* Miller, Kerby A., et al eds. ''Irish immigrants in the land of Canaan: letters and memoirs from colonial and revolutionary America, 1675-1815'' (2004) [http://ets.umdl.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=acls;cc=acls;q1=United%20States%20--%20History%20--%20Colonial%20period%2C%20ca.%201600-1775%20--%20Biography;rgn=subject;view=toc;idno=heb90012.0001.001 online at ACLS e-books]
===Online sources===
*[http://falcon.jmu.edu/~ramseyil/colonial.htm Colonial America 1600-1775, K12 Resources]
*[http://earlyamerica.com/ Archiving Early America]
*[http://www.dinsdoc.com/colonial-3.htm ''Classics of American Colonial History'' complete text of older scholarly articles]
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====notes====
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[[category:United States History]]