Difference between revisions of "J. Robert Oppenheimer"

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Three of five scientists under Oppenheimer's direct supervision leaked secret information about the atomic bomb to the communist Soviet Union.  These include [[Klaus Fuchs]], [[Theodore Hall]], and [[David Greenglass]].<ref>For '''Karl Fuchs''', see: {{hnb|Andrew & Mitronkhin|1999|Ref=CITEREFAndrewMitrokhin1999|p=114-115, 127-128, 131-132, 155, 164, 397}} Noting that Klaus Fuchs, a committed Stalinist, began spying while in Great Britain after fleeing Nazi Germany, and continued when he came to the United States to work on the Manhattan Project.  For '''Theodore Hall''', see: {{hnb|Andrew & Mitronkhin|1999|Ref=CITEREFAndrewMitrokhin1999|p=128-129, 131-132, 147-48, 164-65, 205}} For '''David Greenglass''', see {{hnb|Andrew & Mitronkhin|1999|Ref=CITEREFAndrewMitrokhin1999|p=128, 131}}.  For all see also also {{hnb|LANL|2007}}</ref>  Secret Soviet Union documents reviewed in the 1990s reveal two more spies, code-named Quantum{{fact}}<!-- Quantum is not mentioned in either "Andrew and Mitrokhin" or LANL--> and [[Perseus (spy)|Perseus]] or Pers, who were also at Los Alamos during Oppenheimer's tenure.  These spies have never been identified, and one could have been Oppenheimer himself. <ref>{{hnb|Andrew & Mitronkhin|1999|Ref=CITEREFAndrewMitrokhin1999|p=117-118}} with [[Perseus (spy)|Perseus]] identified as a "communist engineer".  See also {{hnb|LANL|2007}}, though Los Alamos suggests [[Perseus (spy)|Perseus]] may not have existed.</ref><ref>See also {{hnb|Romerstein & Breindel|2000|Ref=CITEREFRomersteinBreindel2000}} and HB Laes, [http://web.archive.org/web/20050204173143/http://www.tof.blogspot.com/#SO ''Theory of Fielding - Set O - Oppenheimer''], (2001-01-14). Retrieved on 05-18-2007.</ref>  Others such as [[Bruno Pontecorvo]] and [[Niels Bohr]] <ref> Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatoli Sudoplatov, ''Special Tasks'', Foreword by Robert Conquest, Little Brown and Company, London 1994, pgs. 192 196, 206-207. </ref><ref>Roland Perry, ''The Fifth Man'', Pan Books London, 1994, pg. 157.</ref>
 
Three of five scientists under Oppenheimer's direct supervision leaked secret information about the atomic bomb to the communist Soviet Union.  These include [[Klaus Fuchs]], [[Theodore Hall]], and [[David Greenglass]].<ref>For '''Karl Fuchs''', see: {{hnb|Andrew & Mitronkhin|1999|Ref=CITEREFAndrewMitrokhin1999|p=114-115, 127-128, 131-132, 155, 164, 397}} Noting that Klaus Fuchs, a committed Stalinist, began spying while in Great Britain after fleeing Nazi Germany, and continued when he came to the United States to work on the Manhattan Project.  For '''Theodore Hall''', see: {{hnb|Andrew & Mitronkhin|1999|Ref=CITEREFAndrewMitrokhin1999|p=128-129, 131-132, 147-48, 164-65, 205}} For '''David Greenglass''', see {{hnb|Andrew & Mitronkhin|1999|Ref=CITEREFAndrewMitrokhin1999|p=128, 131}}.  For all see also also {{hnb|LANL|2007}}</ref>  Secret Soviet Union documents reviewed in the 1990s reveal two more spies, code-named Quantum{{fact}}<!-- Quantum is not mentioned in either "Andrew and Mitrokhin" or LANL--> and [[Perseus (spy)|Perseus]] or Pers, who were also at Los Alamos during Oppenheimer's tenure.  These spies have never been identified, and one could have been Oppenheimer himself. <ref>{{hnb|Andrew & Mitronkhin|1999|Ref=CITEREFAndrewMitrokhin1999|p=117-118}} with [[Perseus (spy)|Perseus]] identified as a "communist engineer".  See also {{hnb|LANL|2007}}, though Los Alamos suggests [[Perseus (spy)|Perseus]] may not have existed.</ref><ref>See also {{hnb|Romerstein & Breindel|2000|Ref=CITEREFRomersteinBreindel2000}} and HB Laes, [http://web.archive.org/web/20050204173143/http://www.tof.blogspot.com/#SO ''Theory of Fielding - Set O - Oppenheimer''], (2001-01-14). Retrieved on 05-18-2007.</ref>  Others such as [[Bruno Pontecorvo]] and [[Niels Bohr]] <ref> Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatoli Sudoplatov, ''Special Tasks'', Foreword by Robert Conquest, Little Brown and Company, London 1994, pgs. 192 196, 206-207. </ref><ref>Roland Perry, ''The Fifth Man'', Pan Books London, 1994, pg. 157.</ref>
  
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In 1954, Oppenheimer's security was revoked because he had numerous Communist connections and activities, he had lied about them, and he had tried to undermine the American nuclear program.<ref>http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/abomb/opp01.htm</ref>  Oppenheimer never told the security officers Boris Pash, [[Leslie Groves]] or John Lansdale about his contacts with San Fransisco [[KGB]] ''Rezident'' or Station Chief [[Grigory Kheifetz]].
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In 1954, Oppenheimer's security was revoked because he had numerous Communist connections and activities, he had lied about them, and he had tried to undermine the American nuclear program.<ref>http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/abomb/opp01.htm</ref>  Oppenheimer never told the security officers Boris Pash, [[Leslie Groves]] or John Lansdale about his contacts with San Fransisco [[KGB]] ''[[Rezident]]'' or Station Chief [[Grigory Kheifetz]].
  
 
== Scientific Contributions ==
 
== Scientific Contributions ==

Revision as of 22:50, August 2, 2009

J. Robert Oppenheimer

Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967) was an American theoretical physicist who managed the Manhattan Project in Los Alamos, New Mexico, with other scientists such as Hans Bethe, Niels Bohr, Enrico Fermi, Richard Feynman, Willard Libby, and Eugene Wigner, who won Nobel prizes. Herbert Romerstein in the conclusions of his book, The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors, states,

“ Fact: Atomic scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer performed work on behalf of the Soviet Union.[1] ”

Gregg Herken, a senior historian at the Smithsonian Institution, concluded thath Oppenheimer was a communist and sets forth the evidence for it online and in his book.[2][3]

Soviet Collusion

In March 1945 Moscow order agent "Guron," to go to Chicago to reestablish contact with the head of the Los Alamos, J. Robert Oppenheimer ("Veksel"). [4] Agent "Guron was identified in 2005 from Soviet Archives as Byron Darling[5]
.

Three of five scientists under Oppenheimer's direct supervision leaked secret information about the atomic bomb to the communist Soviet Union. These include Klaus Fuchs, Theodore Hall, and David Greenglass.[6] Secret Soviet Union documents reviewed in the 1990s reveal two more spies, code-named Quantum[Citation Needed] and Perseus or Pers, who were also at Los Alamos during Oppenheimer's tenure. These spies have never been identified, and one could have been Oppenheimer himself. [7][8] Others such as Bruno Pontecorvo and Niels Bohr [9][10]

In 1954, Oppenheimer's security was revoked because he had numerous Communist connections and activities, he had lied about them, and he had tried to undermine the American nuclear program.[11] Oppenheimer never told the security officers Boris Pash, Leslie Groves or John Lansdale about his contacts with San Fransisco KGB Rezident or Station Chief Grigory Kheifetz.

Scientific Contributions

Oppenheimer's best-known scientific contribution was to suggest a limit to the size of neutron stars. Larger neutron stars would collapse into black holes according to the theory of relativity. Oppenheimer also managed the Manhattan Project.

Oppenheimer lived in Berkeley, California, and socialized with close communist friends. When Oppenheimer opposed development of the hydrogen bomb in the 1950s, an investigation into whether he lied about his communist connections resulted in the revocation of his security clearance.[12] This infuriated liberals who then never forgave conservative scientists like Edward Teller for having testified against Oppenheimer, even though Teller was not cited in the decision to revoke Oppenheimer's security clearance[Citation Needed].

Oppenheimer helped Congress draft the first laws covering the use and control of atomic energy.

In 1963, his clearance was reinstated by President Johnson. In the same year, the Atomic Energy Commission awarded him the Enrico Fermi Award.[13]

In testimony given by a CPUSA functionary Paul Crouch before the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Crouch responded to a question about the KGB's conjunct CPUSA underground apparatus,

Chairman – And naturally they would be interested in any atomic information he had?
Crouch – Yes, sir. Just as a matter of fact, the Communist Party might have chosen to direct him to turn over the information; they might have chosen to direct him to appoint other Communists to key positions who would in turn, turn over the information. It is a matter of record that Dr. Oppenheimer has appointed many Communists to key positions to the atomic energy program..." [14]

Oppenheimer's Quote

One of the most widely known quotes about the atomic bomb, "Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds" comes from Oppenheimer who said in a 1965 interview about the Trinity explosion, "We knew the world would not be the same. A few people laughed, a few people cried, most people were silent. I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad-Gita. Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and to impress him takes on his multi-armed form and says, "Now, I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds." I suppose we all thought that one way or another."[15]

Notes and references

  1. ↑ The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors, Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel, Washington, DC, Regnery, 2000, pg. 449. Herbert Romerstein was the Chief, Office to Counter Soviet Disinformation and Active Measures, U.S. Information Agency from (1983-1989), Staff member, U.S. House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (1978-1983), and Minority Chief Investigator, House Committee on Internal Security (1971-1975). [1]
  2. ↑ http://www.brotherhoodofthebomb.com/bhbsource/documents.html
  3. ↑ http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A00E1D7113EF93BA3575AC0A9649C8B63
  4. ↑ The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Romerstein and Breindel, pg. 499.
  5. ↑ Alexander Vassiliev, Notes on A. Gorsky’s Report to Savchenko S.R., 23 December 1949. Translation of KGB file 43173 vol. 2 (v) pp. 46-55.
  6. ↑ For Karl Fuchs, see: Andrew & Mitronkhin 1999, p. 114-115, 127-128, 131-132, 155, 164, 397 Noting that Klaus Fuchs, a committed Stalinist, began spying while in Great Britain after fleeing Nazi Germany, and continued when he came to the United States to work on the Manhattan Project. For Theodore Hall, see: Andrew & Mitronkhin 1999, p. 128-129, 131-132, 147-48, 164-65, 205 For David Greenglass, see Andrew & Mitronkhin 1999, p. 128, 131. For all see also also LANL 2007
  7. ↑ Andrew & Mitronkhin 1999, p. 117-118 with Perseus identified as a "communist engineer". See also LANL 2007, though Los Alamos suggests Perseus may not have existed.
  8. ↑ See also Romerstein & Breindel 2000 and HB Laes, Theory of Fielding - Set O - Oppenheimer, (2001-01-14). Retrieved on 05-18-2007.
  9. ↑ Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatoli Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, Foreword by Robert Conquest, Little Brown and Company, London 1994, pgs. 192 196, 206-207.
  10. ↑ Roland Perry, The Fifth Man, Pan Books London, 1994, pg. 157.
  11. ↑ http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/abomb/opp01.htm
  12. ↑ http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/abomb/opp06.htm
  13. ↑ J. Robert Oppenheimer receiving the AEC Enrico Fermi Award, photograph and description, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]
  14. ↑ McCarthy Hearings, Testimony of Paul Crouch, Executive Session, Vol. 3: 1834 - 1841, 15 September 1953. (PDF file, pgs. 33-41).
  15. ↑ The Decision to Drop the Bomb, NBC White Paper, 1965

See also

Sources

  • Andrew, Christopher & Vasili Mitrokhin (1999), The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB, Basic Books, ISBN 0-465-00310-9
  • LANL, Los Alamos National Laboratory (2007), Spies, Los Alamos National Laboratory Retrieved on 05-18-2007
  • Laes, HB (2001-01-14), Theory of Fielding - Set O - Oppenheimer, HB Laes (Self published) Reproduced here. Retrieved on 05-18-2007
  • Romerstein, Herbert & Eric Breindel (2000), The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors, Regnery, ISBN 0895262754

External link

Retrieved from "https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=J._Robert_Oppenheimer&oldid=688303"