Original Source: Sir Isaac Newton - Observations on Daniel, Chapter 11
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Chapter 11: Of the Kings of Persia and Greece, and the Rise of the Northern and Southern Kingdoms
1
- Newton observed that the angel began by foretelling that three kings would yet arise in Persia, and that the fourth would be far richer than they all, stirring up all against the realm of Greece.
2
- The mighty king who would stand up afterward, whose kingdom would be broken and divided toward the four winds of heaven, Newton dentified as Alexander the Great, whose empire was partitioned among his successors.
3
- Of these four kingdoms, two became principal in the prophecy: the kingdom of the north and the kingdom of the south. Newton understood these to be the Seleucid kingdom in Syria and the Ptolemaic kingdom in Egypt.
4
- The king of the south would be strong, and one of his princes would become stronger than he, having great dominion. Newton interpreted this as the rise of the Seleucid power after the initial strength of Egypt.
5
- In the end of years they would join themselves together, but the daughter of the king of the south would not retain her power. Newton applied this to the marriage alliances between the Ptolemies and Seleucids, which failed to bring lasting peace.
6
- The king of the north would return with a great army and prevail, carrying captives and spoils into his land. Newton saw this fulfilled in the repeated invasions of Egypt by the Seleucid kings.
7
- The sons of the king of the north would be stirred up and assemble a great multitude, overflowing and passing through. Newton interpreted this as the campaigns of Antiochus the Great.
8
- The king of the south would be moved with anger and fight with the king of the north, but his success would not endure. Newton applied this to the battles between Ptolemy Philopator and Antiochus.
9
- The king of the north would return with a greater army and take fortified cities. Newton saw this in the later victories of Antiochus over Egypt and Judea.
10
- He would set his face to enter with the strength of his whole kingdom, but would not prevail. Newton interpreted this as the intervention of Rome, which checked the power of the Seleucids.
11
- Newton noted that Rome, though not named directly, enters the prophecy at this point, influencing the affairs of both the northern and southern kingdoms.
12
- The king of the north would return to his land with great riches, but his heart would be against the holy covenant. Newton applied this to Antiochus Epiphanes, who persecuted the Jews and profaned the sanctuary.
13
- He would pollute the sanctuary, take away the daily sacrifice, and place the abomination that maketh desolate. Newton saw this fulfilled in the actions of Antiochus against Jerusalem.
14
- Those who forsake the holy covenant would be corrupted by flatteries, but the people who know their God would be strong and do exploits. Newton applied this to the Maccabees, who resisted Antiochus.
15
- The wise would instruct many, yet fall by sword, flame, captivity, and spoil for many days. Newton understood this as the sufferings of the faithful during the persecutions.
16
- When they fall, they would be helped with a little help, yet many would cleave to them with flatteries. Newton interpreted this as the partial successes of the Maccabees and the mixed motives of their supporters.
17
- The king would do according to his will, exalting himself and magnifying himself above every god. Newton saw this as the pride and impiety of Antiochus Epiphanes.
18
- He would honor a strange god and divide the land for gain. Newton applied this to the policies of Antiochus in distributing lands and offices to secure loyalty.
19
- At the time of the end, the king of the south would push at him, and the king of the north would come against him like a whirlwind. Newton interpreted this as the later conflicts involving Egypt, Syria, and Rome.
20
- He would enter into the glorious land, and many countries would be overthrown. Newton applied this to the repeated invasions of Judea.
21
- Edom, Moab, and the chief of the children of Ammon would escape out of his hand. Newton noted that these regions were not subdued by Antiochus.
22
- He would stretch forth his hand upon the countries, and Egypt would not escape. Newton saw this in the ambitions of Antiochus toward Egypt.
23
- Yet tidings out of the east and north would trouble him, and he would go forth with great fury to destroy. Newton interpreted this as the disturbances that drew Antiochus away from his campaigns.
24
- He would plant the tabernacles of his palace between the seas in the glorious holy mountain, yet he would come to his end, and none would help him. Newton concluded that this signifies the final downfall of Antiochus Epiphanes.
Public Domain Declaration
This text is in the public domain. Sir Isaac Newton's Observations on Daniel may be freely reproduced.
Index
- Original Source: Sir Isaac Newton - Observations on Daniel, Chapter 1
- Original Source: Sir Isaac Newton - Observations on Daniel, Chapter 2
- Original Source: Sir Isaac Newton - Observations on Daniel, Chapter 3
- Original Source: Sir Isaac Newton - Observations on Daniel, Chapter 4
- Original Source: Sir Isaac Newton - Observations on Daniel, Chapter 5
- Original Source: Sir Isaac Newton - Observations on Daniel, Chapter 6
- Original Source: Sir Isaac Newton - Observations on Daniel, Chapter 7
- Original Source: Sir Isaac Newton - Observations on Daniel, Chapter 8
- Original Source: Sir Isaac Newton - Observations on Daniel, Chapter 9
- Original Source: Sir Isaac Newton - Observations on Daniel, Chapter 10
- Original Source: Sir Isaac Newton - Observations on Daniel, Chapter 11
- Original Source: Sir Isaac Newton - Observations on Daniel, Chapter 12
- Original Source: Sir Isaac Newton - Observations on Daniel, Chapter 13
- Original Source: Sir Isaac Newton - Observations on Daniel, Chapter 14
See Also
- Commentary: Daniel 11, Anthony's Historicist Study Aid which repeats much of Newton but in far more specific detail.
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