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Line 9:
Line 9: − − Republicanism became the driving force behind the [[American Revolution|American]] and [[French Revolution|French Revolutions]]. In the 20th centuries absolute monarchies almost disappeared, and the surviving constitutional monarchs were nominal heads of countries that were basically republican in all but name. Canada and Australia, for example, still have a king ([[Queen Elizabeth II]]) but they largely ignore her and show little interest in royalty or aristocracy.
→Britain: not relevent to the section
===Britain===
===Britain===
The British overthrew and executed King [[Charles I]] in 1649, and established a republican government under [[Oliver Cromwell]]. After Cromwell died in 1658 the republic collapsed, the monarchy was restored, and republican ideas were driven out of the mainstream of British political thought. They did not disappear, but were promulgated by the Whigs Country Party, whose pamphlets were eagerly read by the American colonists. Thus English political journalists [[John Trenchard]] and [[Thomas Gordon]] published anonymously ''Cato's Letters'' (1720-23). These were 138 letters or short essays that expounded on liberty and republicanism and which greatly influenced the American Founding Fathers and [[libertarian]] thought into the 21st century.<ref> See Ronald Hamowy, "Cato's Letters" in Hamowy, ed. ''Encyclopedia of Libertarianism'' (2008) p. 54-55 [http://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&pg=PA54&dq=republicanism+%22cato+the+younger%22&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=2005&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=2009&num=30&as_brr=0#v=onepage&q=republicanism%20%22cato%20the%20younger%22&f=false online]</ref>
The British overthrew and executed King [[Charles I]] in 1649, and established a republican government under [[Oliver Cromwell]]. After Cromwell died in 1658 the republic collapsed, the monarchy was restored, and republican ideas were driven out of the mainstream of British political thought. They did not disappear, but were promulgated by the Whigs Country Party, whose pamphlets were eagerly read by the American colonists. Thus English political journalists [[John Trenchard]] and [[Thomas Gordon]] published anonymously ''Cato's Letters'' (1720-23). These were 138 letters or short essays that expounded on liberty and republicanism and which greatly influenced the American Founding Fathers and [[libertarian]] thought into the 21st century.<ref> See Ronald Hamowy, "Cato's Letters" in Hamowy, ed. ''Encyclopedia of Libertarianism'' (2008) p. 54-55 [http://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&pg=PA54&dq=republicanism+%22cato+the+younger%22&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=2005&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=2009&num=30&as_brr=0#v=onepage&q=republicanism%20%22cato%20the%20younger%22&f=false online]</ref>
==United States==
==United States==