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'''Orval Eugene Faubus''' (1910-1994) was a [[Democrat]] who served as the governor of the U.S. state of [[Arkansas]] from 1955 to 1971, best known for his unsuccessful attempt in 1957 to halt the federally-authorized desegregation of Central High School in the capital city of [[Little Rock]]. Faubus thrust himself into direct conflict with [[Republican]] [[U.S. President]] [[Dwight Eisenhower]], who federalized the [[National Guard]] to counter local resistance to the admission of nine [[African American]] children into the school.  

'''Orval Eugene Faubus''' (1910-1994) was a [[Democrat]] who served as the governor of the U.S. state of [[Arkansas]] from 1955 to 1971, best known for his unsuccessful attempt in 1957 to halt the federally-authorized desegregation of Central High School in the capital city of [[Little Rock]]. Faubus thrust himself into direct conflict with [[Republican]] [[U.S. President]] [[Dwight Eisenhower]], who federalized the [[National Guard]] to counter local resistance to the admission of nine [[African American]] children into the school.  

Faubus was born in rural Combs near Huntsville in Madison County. His father, Sam, an admirer of the [[Socialism|Socialist Party]] standard bearer [[Eugene Debs]], gave Orval the middle name of "Eugene" from the railroad union president and Socialist presidential candidate Eugene Victor Debs. Faubus served in the [[United States Army]] during [[World War II]] and thereafter was a spokesman for veterans' causes.

Faubus was born in rural Combs near Huntsville in Madison County. His father, Sam, an admirer of the [[Socialism|Socialist Party]] standard bearer [[Eugene Debs]], gave Orval the middle name of "Eugene" in honor of Debs, the president of a railroad union and Socialist presidential nominee on five occasions. Faubus served in the [[United States Army]] during [[World War II]] and thereafter was a activist for veterans' causes.

Faubus unseated fellow Democrat Sidney Sanders McMath in the 1954 Democratic gubernatorial primary and then defeated a stronger-than-usual [[Republican]] candidate, Pratt Remmel, the mayor of Little Rock from 1951 to 1955. In 1956, he defeated James Douglas Johnson, a fellow segregationist and later a member of the Arkansas Supreme Court who became known as "Justice Jim." In 1964, Faubus defeated Republican [[Winthrop Rockefeller]], 57-43 percent, but Rockefeller polled a majority of the [[African American]] vote. Faubus stepped down in 1967, having declined to run for a seventh then two-year term. Rockefeller then defeated Democrat Jim Johnson to win the first of his two two-year terms. The office became four years effective with the 1986 election.

Faubus unseated fellow Democrat Sidney Sanders McMath in the 1954 Democratic gubernatorial primary and then defeated a stronger-than-usual [[Republican]] candidate, Pratt Remmel, the mayor of Little Rock from 1951 to 1955. In 1956, he defeated [[James D. Johnson]], a fellow segregationist and later a member of the Arkansas Supreme Court known as "Justice Jim." In 1964, Faubus defeated Republican [[Winthrop Rockefeller]], 57-43 percent, but Rockefeller polled a majority of the [[African American]] vote. Faubus stepped down in 1967, having declined to run for a seventh then two-year term. Rockefeller then defeated Democrat Jim Johnson to win the first of his two two-year terms. The office became four years effective with the 1986 election.

Faubus sought comeback attempts in 1970, 1974, and 1986, but each time he lost the Democratic gubernatorial primary elections to [[Dale Bumpers]], [[David Pryor]], and [[Bill Clinton]], respectively.

Faubus sought comeback attempts in 1970, 1974, and 1986, but each time he lost the Democratic gubernatorial primary elections to [[Dale Bumpers]], [[David Pryor]], and [[Bill Clinton]], respectively.

In the late 1970s, Faubus penned his "scrapbook" memoirs under the title ''Down from the Hills'', a reference to the highland area of northwestern Arkansas where he was born and reared. Faubus is interred at the Combs Cemetery.

In the late 1970s, Faubus penned his "scrapbook" memoirs under the title ''Down from the Hills'', a reference to the highland area of northwestern Arkansas where he was born and reared. Faubus is interred at the Combs Cemetery.

Faubus was a target for critics from the [[Civil Rights]] movement. The [[jazz]] bassist and composer [[Charles Mingus]] wrote "Fables of Faubus" in response to Faubus's support of [[segregation]]: {{cquote|Why is he so sick and ridiculous? He won't permit integrated schools. Then he's a fool!}}

Faubus was a target of criticism from the [[civil rights]] movement. The [[jazz]] bassist and composer [[Charles Mingus]] wrote "Fables of Faubus" in response to Faubus's support of [[segregation]]: {{cquote|Why is he so sick and ridiculous? He won't permit integrated schools. Then he's a fool!}}

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