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adding sections 'Historical background' and 'Vacuum and Philosophical Considerations'
While a perfect vacuum is theoretically possible, it has never been replicated in the lab. [[Blaise Pascal|Pascal]] was the first person to prove the existence of a vacuum.
While a perfect vacuum is theoretically possible, it has never been replicated in the lab. [[Blaise Pascal|Pascal]] was the first person to prove the existence of a vacuum.
==Historical Background==
In the 17th century air pumps were developed and used by travelling scientists who commonly demonstarted formation of vacuum by withdrawing air from flask (glass bell jar) containing an animal such as bird who then deprived of oxygen started to suffocate as reflected in famous painting by J.Wright of Derby.<ref>{{cite web
|title=An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump
|author= Joseph Wright of Derby
|year=1768
|publisher=The National Gallery
|location=London
|url=http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/joseph-wright-of-derby-an-experiment-on-a-bird-in-the-air-pump
|quote=A travelling scientist is shown demonstrating the formation of a vacuum by withdrawing air from a flask containing a white cockatoo, though common birds like sparrows would normally have been used. Air pumps were developed in the 17th century and were relatively familiar by Wright's day. The artist's subject is not scientific invention, but a human drama in a night-time setting.
The bird will die if the demonstrator continues to deprive it of oxygen, and Wright leaves us in doubt as to whether or not the cockatoo will be reprieved. The painting reveals a wide range of individual reactions, from the frightened children, through the reflective philosopher, the excited interest of the youth on the left, to the indifferent young lovers concerned only with each other.
|acessdate=2012-10-7}}</ref> Later the air pumps were used to demonstrate that sound does not travel in an airless space. The first ''molecular pump'' to be used for creating a vacuum in experimental chambers based on Knudsen's investigation on flow of gases through long and narrow tubes was introduced by Gaede in 1912 at the meeting of ''German Physical Society''.<ref name="Handbook on vacuum">{{cite book
|title=Handbook of Vacuum Technology
|author=Karl Jousten et al.
|publisher=John Wiley & Sons
|pages=1040
|year=2008
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Gco_ytUu4QYC&dq=molecular+pump&source=gbs_navlinks_s
|quote=
|isbn=978-3-527-40723-1}}</ref>
== Vacuum and Philosophical Considerations ==
According to ''K.Jousten et al.'', there is no doubt that there are macroscopic areas between [[galaxy|galaxies]] where there is no single [[molecule]]. For such volume a contemporary physics introduced a term ''absolute vacuum''. However, even such absolute vacuum is expected not to be void in terms of [[energy]] if it should be in accordance with [[Natural Law|natural laws]]. The energy of vacuum with still ''unknown nature'' is believed to be possibly related to [[cosmological constant]] introduced by [[Einstein]] and permitting particles to be generated spontaneously by fluctuating [[Quantum field theory|quantum fields]] for short time intervals, even in ''absolute vacuum''. From this perspective, there is supposed to be no place in the world that is truly empty.<ref name="Handbook on vacuum"/> According to 2011 Nobel Laureate in Physics, Brian P. Schmidt, it is a big mystery why space should have energy at all, ''"people around the world are scratching their heads to figure out but as of today there has not been lot progress yet"''.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Nobel Laureates 2011
|publisher=nobelprize.org
|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/mediaplayer/index.php?id=1760
|accessdate=4.10.2012}}</ref> [[YEC]] creationist physicist [[John Hartnett|J.Hartnett]] however declares that in the new theory introduced by [[Moshe Carmeli|M.Carmeli]] the physics of the cosmos including the energy of the vacuum is defined by correct choice of [[metric]] that is a solution to Einstein's field equations.<ref name="starlight">{{cite book| last = Hartnett| first = John| authorlink = | title = Starlight, Time and the New Physics| publisher = Creation Ministries International| series = | year = 2007| doi = | isbn = 978-0-949-906687|pages=132|quote=In the CGR theory this is the energy of the vacuum, the stuff the space is made of. The physics of the cosmos is defined by correct choice of the metric that is a solution of Einstein's field equations.}}</ref>
== See also ==
*[[Aether (science)]]
== Source ==
== Source ==
The New American Desk Encyclopedia, Penguin Group, 1989
The New American Desk Encyclopedia, Penguin Group, 1989
== References ==
<references/>
[[Category: Science]]
[[Category: Science]]
[[Category: Physics]]