Changes

===="Incorporation Doctrine"====

===="Incorporation Doctrine"====

Like the Free Speech Clause, Courts have repeatedly expanded the scope of the 14th Amendment.  "Incorporation doctrine" is an example reason.  It is a doctrine invented by the U.S. Supreme Court to "incorporate" the Bill of Rights into the 14th Amendment, and thereby apply the Bill of Rights against the States.  Recall that the Bill of Rights were originally intended to apply only against the federal government.

As with the Free Speech Clause, Courts have repeatedly expanded the scope of the 14th Amendment.  "Incorporation doctrine" is an example.  It is a doctrine invented by the U.S. Supreme Court in order to "incorporate" the Bill of Rights into the 14th Amendment, and thereby apply the Bill of Rights against the States.  Recall that the Bill of Rights were originally intended to apply only against the federal government.

The 14th Amendment has been interpreted to incorporate the Bill of Rights.  Today most claims that a State law is unconstitutional is based on "incorporation doctrine": the Bill of Rights as "incorporated" into the 14th Amendment  

"Incorporation doctrine" means that the 14th Amendment includes the Bill of Rights and prohibits violations by the States.  So when someone challenges a New Jersey law for infringement on free speech, then he is suing under the Free Speech Clause as incorporated into the 14th Amendment to apply against the State of New Jersey.

===="Due Process Clause"====

===="Due Process Clause"====