Changes

'''Direct spending''' is budget authority provided by [[law]] other than [[appropriation]] acts, entitlement authority, and the food stamp program, as defined by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985. <ref>[http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05734sp.pdf A Glossary of Terms Used in the Federal Budget Process]. General Accounting Office. GAO-05-734SP www.gao.gov</ref>\

'''Direct spending''' is budget authority provided by [[law]] other than [[appropriation]] acts, [[entitlement]] authority, and the food stamp program, as defined by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985.<ref>[http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05734sp.pdf A Glossary of Terms Used in the Federal Budget Process]. General Accounting Office. GAO-05-734SP www.gao.gov (2005).  The document covers highly technical terms as they are used in the United States, which may take on different meanings in future budget enactments.  To interpret a specific term that appears in a specific document, the applicable definition must be checked, rather than automatically relying on these definitions.</ref>

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Direct spending may be temporary or permanent, definite or indefinite (as to amount) but it is an appropriation or other budget authority made available to agencies in an act other than an appropriation act.

Direct spending may be temporary or permanent, definite or indefinite (as to amount) but it is an appropriation or other [[budget authority]] made available to agencies in an act other than an appropriation act.

Under expired Budget Enforcement Act (BEA) provisions, new direct spending was subject to pay-as-you-go ([[PAYGO]]) requirements.  

Under expired Budget Enforcement Act (BEA) provisions, new direct spending was subject to pay-as-you-go ([[PAYGO]]) requirements.  

===Permanent spending===

==Permanent spending==

Permanent spending, or permanent authority, is budget authority available as the result of previously enacted legislation and is available without further legislative action. For example, authority to retain and use offsetting receipts tends to be permanent authority. Such budget authority can be the result of substantive legislation or appropriation acts.

Permanent spending, or permanent authority, is budget authority available as the result of previously enacted legislation and is available without further legislative action. For example, authority to retain and use offsetting receipts tends to be permanent authority. Such budget authority can be the result of substantive legislation or appropriation acts.

The rules of the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] prohibit consideration of appropriations bills for expenditures not previously authorized by law.<ref> See Rule XXI, Rules of the House of Representatives.  A similar, but more limited provision exists in Rule XVI, Standing Rules of the Senate. (See Point of Order.) Some agency programs or functions are reauthorized every year, while others are authorized for several years or permanently.</ref>

The rules of the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] prohibit consideration of appropriations bills for expenditures not previously authorized by law.<ref>See Rule XXI, Rules of the House of Representatives.  A similar, but more limited provision exists in Rule XVI, Standing Rules of the [[Senate]]. (See Point of Order.) Some agency programs or functions are reauthorized every year, while others are authorized for several years or permanently.</ref>

===Temporary spending===

==Temporary spending==

Temporary spending are items needing a vote from both chambers outside the  ordinary budget process, such as wars (like [[Afghanistan War|Afghanistan]] or [[War in Iraq|Iraq]]), immediate disaster relief assistance (like [[Hurricane Katrina]] or [[Hurricane Sandy]]), and extended unemployment benefits in periods of high [[unemployment]].  

Temporary spending are items needing a vote from both chambers outside the  ordinary budget process, such as wars (like [[Afghanistan War|Afghanistan]], [[War in Iraq|Iraq]], or [[NATO war in Ukraine|Ukraine]]), immediate disaster relief assistance (like [[Hurricane Katrina]] or [[Hurricane Sandy]]), and extended unemployment benefits in periods of high [[unemployment]] (as during the [[covid pandemic]]).

Temporary spending maybe for less than one annual budget cycle or extended over several years. Temporary spending is not intended to become a permanent spending obligation of the [[United States government]]. Some forms of temporary spending are also referred to as emergency spending, and are usually covered in the supplemental appropriations process.

Temporary spending maybe for less than one annual budget cycle or extended over several years. Temporary spending is not intended to become a permanent spending obligation of the [[United States government]]. Some forms of temporary spending are also referred to as emergency spending, and are usually covered in the [[supplemental appropriation]]s process.

===New spending===

==New spending==

New spending, in the absence of a concurrent resolution<ref>The Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 requires the adoption each year of a concurrent resolution on the budget.</ref>, serves for the chamber passing it as an annual budget resolution for purposes of establishing enforceable budget levels for a budget cycle.

[[New spending]], in the absence of a [[concurrent resolution]],<ref>The [[Sequestration#Background|Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974]] requires the adoption each year of a concurrent resolution on the budget.</ref> serves for the chamber passing it as an annual [[budget resolution]] for purposes of establishing enforceable budget levels for a budget cycle.

New spending allocations can provide target levels to the appropriations committees, but they also may set new higher aggregate budget levels, provide revised spending allocations to other House and Senate committees, or provide for other related purposes.<ref>See Deeming Resolution.</ref>

New spending allocations provide target levels to the appropriations committees, but they also can set new higher aggregate budget levels, increased spending, and provide revised spending allocations relative to other House and [[United States Senate|Senate]] committees.<ref>See [[Deeming resolution]].</ref>

==See also==

==See also==

*[[Discretionary spending]]

*[[Discretionary spending]]

*[[Fiscal cliff]]

*[[Fiscal cliff]]

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[[Category:Budget terms]]

[[Category:Budget Terms]]

[[Category:Political Terms]]

[[Category:Political Terms]]