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A '''Neanderthal''', ''Homo sapiens neanderthalensis'', is a member of a species of extinct hominid of which many fossils have been found.

A '''Neanderthal''', ''Homo sapiens neanderthalensis'' or ''Homo neanderthalensis'', is a member of a species of extinct hominid of which many fossils have been found.

The first fossil hominid to be identified as such, and the best known, it was named after remains found in the [[Neander]] valley in western [[Germany]] in 1856. ''Neanderthal'' is found throughout [[Europe]] and the [[Near East]].  Neanderthals are associated with the Middle [[Palaeolithic]] [[Mousterian]] tool tradition. <ref>Thieme, Hartmut, "Lower to Middle Paleolithic Hunting Spears, and Lithic Tool Traditions" Archaeology, 13, 2003.</ref>

The first fossil hominid to be identified as such, and the best known, it was named after remains found in the [[Neander]] valley in western [[Germany]] in 1856. ''Neanderthal'' is found throughout [[Europe]] and the [[Near East]].  Neanderthals are associated with the Middle [[Palaeolithic]] [[Mousterian]] tool tradition. <ref>Thieme, Hartmut, "Lower to Middle Paleolithic Hunting Spears, and Lithic Tool Traditions" Archaeology, 13, 2003.</ref>