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By June the communist forces had had enough and called for a ceasefire, although it took until 1953 before an armistice was signed. As several participants have never formally made peace, the conflict remains technically active today, even though there has been no major combat since 1953; the ceasefire line (Demilitarized Zone) remains heavily fortified and militarized to the present day.
By June the communist forces had had enough and called for a ceasefire, although it took until 1953 before an armistice was signed. As several participants have never formally made peace, the conflict remains technically active today, even though there has been no major combat since 1953; the ceasefire line (Demilitarized Zone) remains heavily fortified and militarized to the present day.
According to [[R.J. Rummel]], forced labor, executions, and concentration camps were responsible for over one million deaths in North Korea from 1948 to 1987;<ref>Rummel, R.J. (1997), [http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP10.HTM Statistics Of North Korean Democide: Estimates, Calculations, And Sources], ''Statistics of Democide'', Transaction.</ref> others have estimated 400,000 deaths in concentration camps alone.<ref>Omestad, Thomas, [http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/030623/23gulag.htm "Gulag Nation"], [[U.S. News & World Report]], 23 June 2003.</ref> [[Pierre Rigoulot]] estimates 100,000 executions, 1.5 million deaths through concentration camps and forced labor, and 500,000 deaths from famine, for a total of 2.1 million victims (not counting 1.3 million dead in the war).<ref>''[[Black Book of Communism]],'' pg. 564.</ref> Estimates based on the most recent North Korean census suggest that 240,000 to 420,000 people died as a result of the [[North Korean famine|1990s famine]] and that there were 600,000 to 850,000 unnatural deaths in North Korea from 1993 to 2008.<ref name="Spoorenberg, Thomas pp. 133-158">Spoorenberg, Thomas and Schwekendiek, Daniel (2012). [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2012.00475.x/pdf "Demographic Changes in North Korea: 1993–2008"], ''Population and Development Review'', 38(1), pp. 133-158.</ref> The famine, which claimed as many as one million lives, has been described as the result of the economic policies of the North Korean government,<ref>Stephan Haggard, Marcus Noland, and Amartya Sen (2009), ''Famine in North Korea'', Columbia University Press, p.209.</ref> and as deliberate "terror-starvation".<ref>Rosefielde, Stephen (2009), ''Red Holocaust,'' Routledge, p. 109.</ref>
==Air War==
==Air War==