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| | It is written in the [[Cyrillic alphabet]]. | | It is written in the [[Cyrillic alphabet]]. |
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| − | In the Russian present [[tense]], "to be" is not conjugated, and there are no [[article (grammar)|articles]] (a, an, the), which means that the understanding of a [[noun]] as a determinant or indeterminant noun is based on context (I.e. "This is a cat" is literally translated to "This cat"). Though a word "to be" does exist, it is used for more subtle contexts as in "Understanding existence has always been a problem for philosophers", and the past and future tenses. | + | In the Russian present [[tense]] the verb "to be" is omitted, and there are no [[article (grammar)|articles]] (a, an, the), which means that the understanding of a [[noun]] as a determinant or indeterminant noun is based on context (I.e. "This is a cat" is literally translated to "This cat"). However, "to be" is used in the past and future tenses. |
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| | Every noun and [[adjective]] can be declined in 6 [[grammatical case|cases]]: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, prepositional (locative) and instrumental; both in the singular and plural. Because of this freedom, [[word order]] is not very important to the speaker, and he or she is able to use word order to make subtle distinctions in tone, in importance, or in relevance. | | Every noun and [[adjective]] can be declined in 6 [[grammatical case|cases]]: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, prepositional (locative) and instrumental; both in the singular and plural. Because of this freedom, [[word order]] is not very important to the speaker, and he or she is able to use word order to make subtle distinctions in tone, in importance, or in relevance. |
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| − | [[Verb]]s are conjugated in the present, past and future tenses, in the indicative, subjunctive and imperative [[mood (grammar)|moods]]. All verbs have at least two forms (one in the imperfective [[aspect (grammar)|aspect]] and another in the perfective) to reflect the perceived completion of the action; verbs of motion can have two imperfective forms, one having a habitual meaning and one having a progressive meaning. The tenses are formed as follows: | + | [[Verb]]s are conjugated in the present, past and future tenses, in the indicative, subjunctive and imperative [[mood (grammar)|moods]]. All verbs have at least two forms (one in the imperfective [[aspect (grammar)|aspect]] and another in the perfective) to reflect the perceived completion of the action; verbs of motion can have two imperfective forms, one having a habitual meaning and one having a progressive meaning. The tenses are formed as follows: |
| | *The present tense uses [[affix|endings]] to represent [[person (grammar)|person]] and [[number (grammar)|number]]. | | *The present tense uses [[affix|endings]] to represent [[person (grammar)|person]] and [[number (grammar)|number]]. |
| | *The past tense is based on a [[participle]] and therefore agrees with the subject in number and, in the singular, [[Grammar#Gender|gender]], but not person. | | *The past tense is based on a [[participle]] and therefore agrees with the subject in number and, in the singular, [[Grammar#Gender|gender]], but not person. |