Changes

The crisis originated in the United States and Western Europe, and has impacted every country in the world. Banks and financial companies reported losses of over one trillion dollars; investors suffered [[paper loss|"paper losses"]] of many trillions. U.S. stocks went down 50% from their peak in 2007.<ref> For most people the loss is a "paper" loss because they still own the stock and it might go up, or down. If they bought stock in 2003 for $1000, watched it go to $1500 in 2008, then drop to $1000 again in 2008, their "paper loss" is $500 but their real loss is zero since they are back where they started. People who bought at $800 still have made a $200 paper profit. People who bought at $1200, say, have a paper loss of $200. The paper loss or gain becomes real when they finally sell the stock. See [[Paper loss]] for more details</ref> Paper losses for owners of stock in major financial institution were over 70%, and owners of some have lost 99% as major [[bank]]s closed down. The [[stock market]] declined 50-70% in major countries and [[pension]] funds have large paper losses.  Paper losses in real estate have been in the trillions; the average price of American houses fell 20%, with 30% and higher declines in California and Florida.  However, thus far ordinary depositors with cash in the bank have suffered no losses. Owners of stocks in the 5000 largest U.S. corporations have paper losses of $10 trillion dollars in 2008, dropping to $10 trillion in October from $20 trillion in late 2007.  

The crisis originated in the United States and Western Europe, and has impacted every country in the world. Banks and financial companies reported losses of over one trillion dollars; investors suffered [[paper loss|"paper losses"]] of many trillions. U.S. stocks went down 50% from their peak in 2007.<ref> For most people the loss is a "paper" loss because they still own the stock and it might go up, or down. If they bought stock in 2003 for $1000, watched it go to $1500 in 2008, then drop to $1000 again in 2008, their "paper loss" is $500 but their real loss is zero since they are back where they started. People who bought at $800 still have made a $200 paper profit. People who bought at $1200, say, have a paper loss of $200. The paper loss or gain becomes real when they finally sell the stock. See [[Paper loss]] for more details</ref> Paper losses for owners of stock in major financial institution were over 70%, and owners of some have lost 99% as major [[bank]]s closed down. The [[stock market]] declined 50-70% in major countries and [[pension]] funds have large paper losses.  Paper losses in real estate have been in the trillions; the average price of American houses fell 20%, with 30% and higher declines in California and Florida.  However, thus far ordinary depositors with cash in the bank have suffered no losses. Owners of stocks in the 5000 largest U.S. corporations have paper losses of $10 trillion dollars in 2008, dropping to $10 trillion in October from $20 trillion in late 2007.  

===Liquidity crisis  

=== Liquidity crisis ===

In late September the crisis focused on liquidity--financial companies owned hundreds of billions of dollars of "toxic" securities, mostly based on U.S. [[Fannie Mae]]-backed [[mortgage]]s; they could not sell the toxic securities because no one knew how much they were worth, and large scale loans between major institutions stopped flowing as the system lost liquidity and froze up. A $800 billion rescue plan became law in the U.S. October 3. Meanwhile Europe's sovereign debt crisis continues to deteriorate, as trillions of dollars in losses accumulated there and in many other countries.  International agencies such as the International Monetary Fund are assisting and giving guidance for medium-sized countries, like Pakistan and Ukraine.  All around the world people are sending their money to the U.S. and Japan because the banks there are safer than their own banks.  The price of oil, which reached $145 a barrel in the summer, plunged to under $50. That plunge eased the gasoline crisis, helped commuters, and helped the airline industry.

In late September the crisis focused on liquidity--financial companies owned hundreds of billions of dollars of "toxic" securities, mostly based on U.S. [[Fannie Mae]]-backed [[mortgage]]s; they could not sell the toxic securities because no one knew how much they were worth, and large scale loans between major institutions stopped flowing as the system lost liquidity and froze up. A $800 billion rescue plan became law in the U.S. October 3. Meanwhile Europe's sovereign debt crisis continues to deteriorate, as trillions of dollars in losses accumulated there and in many other countries.  International agencies such as the International Monetary Fund are assisting and giving guidance for medium-sized countries, like Pakistan and Ukraine.  All around the world people are sending their money to the U.S. and Japan because the banks there are safer than their own banks.  The price of oil, which reached $145 a barrel in the summer, plunged to under $50. That plunge eased the gasoline crisis, helped commuters, and helped the airline industry.

[[Image:BRIDGE.JPG|thumb|400px|Tom Toles cartoon lampoons Federal bailout efforts as a badly designed [[bridge to nowhere]], Dec. 1, 2008]]

[[Image:BRIDGE.JPG|thumb|400px|Tom Toles cartoon lampoons Federal bailout efforts as a badly designed [[bridge to nowhere]], Dec. 1, 2008]]