Changes

:Two rare combinations must be mentioned because of the popularity of one work in each case. Mozart’s ''“Kegelstatt”'' trio for piano, viola and clarinet has been joined by only two other works for that combination in the modern repertoire; [[suite]]s by [[Robert Schumann|Schumann]] and [[Max Bruch|Bruch]]. [[Claude Debussy]]’s '''“sonata for flute, viola and harp”'' is a mainstay of his tragically sparse chamber music. There is only one other piece heard for these instruments – a short “elegiac trio” written by [[Arnold Bax]], quite independently of Debussy in the same year.

:Two rare combinations must be mentioned because of the popularity of one work in each case. Mozart’s ''“Kegelstatt”'' trio for piano, viola and clarinet has been joined by only two other works for that combination in the modern repertoire; [[suite]]s by [[Robert Schumann|Schumann]] and [[Max Bruch|Bruch]]. [[Claude Debussy]]’s '''“sonata for flute, viola and harp”'' is a mainstay of his tragically sparse chamber music. There is only one other piece heard for these instruments – a short “elegiac trio” written by [[Arnold Bax]], quite independently of Debussy in the same year.

   

   

:*The quartet, whilst finding its most notable expression in its form for strings, is extremely popular when a string trio is joined by a piano. Starting with Mozart’s frequently heard two, many of the greats have a written '''piano quartets''' – [[Felix Mendelssohn|Mendelssohn]] [[Robert Schumann|Schumann]], [[Brahms]], [[Jean Sibelius|Sibelius]], [[Gabriel Fauré|Faure]], [[William Walton|Walton]]. Mozart wrote a popular [[oboe]] quartet. [[Olivier Messiaen]]’s ''“Quartet for the End of Time”'' was written and first performed for piano (out of tune and with keys missing), clarinet, cello (minus one string) and violin whilst he was in a German prisoner of war camp in 1941.

:*The quartet, whilst finding its most notable expression in its form for strings, is extremely popular when a string trio is joined by a piano. Starting with Mozart’s frequently heard two, many of the greats have written '''piano quartets''' – [[Felix Mendelssohn|Mendelssohn]] [[Robert Schumann|Schumann]], [[Brahms]], [[Jean Sibelius|Sibelius]], [[Gabriel Fauré|Faure]], [[William Walton|Walton]]. Mozart wrote a popular [[oboe]] quartet. [[Olivier Messiaen]]’s ''“Quartet for the End of Time”'' was written and first performed for piano (out of tune and with keys missing), clarinet, cello (minus one string) and violin whilst he was in a German prisoner of war camp in 1941.

:*The '''quintet''' has had much the same history as the quartet and trio. The two most popular forms are piano or clarinet with string quartet, and the all string form.

:*The '''quintet''' has had much the same history as the quartet and trio. The two most popular forms are piano or clarinet with string quartet, and the all string form.

:Some of the most popular works in all western music are piano quintets: Schubert’s ''“Trout”'', and those by Schumann, Brahms, [[Franck]] and [[Dvorak]]. [[Shostakovich]] won the Lenin Prize for his piano quintet in 1941. The clarinet quintets of Mozart and Brahms are immensely popular.  

:Some of the most popular works in all western music are piano quintets: Schubert’s ''“Trout”'', and those by Schumann, Brahms, [[Cesar Franck]] and [[Dvorak]]. [[Shostakovich]] won the Lenin Prize for his piano quintet in 1941. The clarinet quintets of Mozart and Brahms are immensely popular.  

:The actual make-up of the string quintet varies, often according to the instrumental disposition of the composer – Mozart used an extra viola, [[Luigi Boccherini]] liked the cello (although he did write quintets using the [[double bass]] and his [[guitar]] quintets are popular.) Schubert’s great D.956 quintet also uses two cellos. Brahms added a viola.

:The actual make-up of the string quintet varies, often according to the instrumental disposition of the composer – Mozart used an extra viola, [[Luigi Boccherini]] liked the cello (although he did write quintets using the [[double bass]] and his [[guitar]] quintets are popular.) Schubert’s great D.956 quintet also uses two cellos. Brahms added a viola.

:Whilst the smaller ensembles occasionally consisted of wind instruments, when we get to the quintet we find a sudden interest in the wind form. Usually consisting of flute oboe, clarinet, [[bassoon]] and horn, the ensemble has a varied and popular repertoire. An ensemble consisting of piano and four wind instruments is popular - examples are the piano and wind quintets of Mozart and [[Beethoven]].  

:Whilst the smaller ensembles occasionally consisted of wind instruments, when we get to the quintet we find a sudden interest in the wind form. Usually consisting of flute oboe, clarinet, [[bassoon]] and horn, the ensemble has a varied and popular repertoire. An ensemble consisting of piano and four wind instruments is popular - examples are the piano and wind quintets of Mozart and [[Beethoven]].  

The term “chamber” can apply to larger forces, but refers to the ensemble, not the music. So we get a “chamber orchestra”, which is smaller than the full symphony orchestra, but is fully able to play the music (including symphonies) of the 18th and early 19th centuries using similar forces to the orchestras of the time.

The term “chamber” can apply to larger forces, but refers to the ensemble, not the music. So we get a “chamber orchestra”, which is smaller than the full symphony orchestra, but is fully able to play the music (including symphonies) of the 18th and early 19th centuries using similar forces to the orchestras of the time.

[[Category: Musical forms]]

[[Category: Musical forms]]