Changes

==Fraudulent accounting 1990s - 2006==

==Fraudulent accounting 1990s - 2006==

Franklin Raines served as Fannie Mae's Vice Chairman from 1991 to 1996 when President [[Bill Clinton]]<ref>Bill Clinton appointed [[Rahm Emanuel]], later [[Obama]] Chief of Staff, to the Board of Directors of Fannie Mae's sister agency, Freddie Mac. Emanuel had no experience of qualifications for the position. Freddie Mac likewise was taken into conservatorship for mismanagement.</ref> recruited him to serve in the [[White House]] as Director of the [[Office of Management and Budget]]. In 1998 he returned to Fannie Mae as Chief Executive Officer (CEO). In 2004 the [[Securities & Exchange Commission]]'s (SEC) chief accountant ruled that Fannie had improperly accounted for hedging transactions in its trillion-dollar portfolio of derivatives.<ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2004-12-21/franklin-rainess-lost-gamble Franklin Raines's Lost Gamble,] ''BloombergBusinessweek'', December 21, 2004. </ref> The SEC ordered it to restate it's earnings which had been overstated by $11 billion from 2001 through mid-2004. The Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, declared the company had been "significantly undercapitalized" using Fannie's "own unique methodology" for valuing derivatives. At $28.86 billion, Fannie's core capital was $2.98 billion, or almost 10%, below the required minimum.

Franklin Raines served as Fannie Mae's Vice Chairman from 1991 to 1996 when President [[Bill Clinton]]<ref>Bill Clinton appointed [[Rahm Emanuel]], later [[Obama]] Chief of Staff, to the Board of Directors of Fannie Mae's sister agency, Freddie Mac. Emanuel had no experience of qualifications for the position. Freddie Mac likewise was taken into conservatorship for mismanagement.</ref> recruited him to serve in the [[White House]] as Director of the [[Office of Management and Budget]]. In 1998 he returned to Fannie Mae as Chief Executive Officer (CEO). In 2004 the [[Securities & Exchange Commission]]'s (SEC) chief accountant ruled that Fannie had improperly accounted for hedging transactions in its trillion-dollar portfolio of derivatives.<ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2004-12-21/franklin-rainess-lost-gamble Franklin Raines's Lost Gamble,] ''BloombergBusinessweek'', December 21, 2004. </ref> The SEC ordered it to restate it's earnings which were overstated by $11 billion. The Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight declared the company was "significantly undercapitalized" using Fannie's "own unique methodology" for valuing derivatives. At $28.86 billion, Fannie's core capital was $2.98 billion, or almost 10%, below the required minimum.

The [[U.S Justice Department]] joined the investigation. Regulators found a culture of corruption under Raines where management reaped huge bonuses for themselves.<ref>[http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2006-05-24/business/0605240197_1_senior-management-manipulated-accounting-fannie-mae-executive-officer-franklin-raines `Arrogant and unethical': Fannie Mae to pay $400 million penalty,] Robert Manor, ''Chicago Tribune'', May 24, 2006.</ref> Auditors stated,

The [[U.S Justice Department]] joined the investigation. Regulators found a culture of corruption under Raines where management reaped huge bonuses for themselves.<ref>[http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2006-05-24/business/0605240197_1_senior-management-manipulated-accounting-fannie-mae-executive-officer-franklin-raines `Arrogant and unethical': Fannie Mae to pay $400 million penalty,] Robert Manor, ''Chicago Tribune'', May 24, 2006.</ref> Auditors stated,