Changes

A force perhaps even stronger than the “invisible hand,” or perhaps a variation of the invisible hand, is charity.  The desire to give something of benefit to others, without demanding as much in return, is enormous.  “Give and ye shall receive” is advice from the Bible.  The giving may be in one form (money), and the receiving may be in another form (heavenly reward, which could be described as part of an overall "utility").  Look around, and you will notice numerous important charitable acts by others and yourself.

A force perhaps even stronger than the “invisible hand,” or perhaps a variation of the invisible hand, is charity.  The desire to give something of benefit to others, without demanding as much in return, is enormous.  “Give and ye shall receive” is advice from the Bible.  The giving may be in one form (money), and the receiving may be in another form (heavenly reward, which could be described as part of an overall "utility").  Look around, and you will notice numerous important charitable acts by others and yourself.

An immense advantage of charity is that it has no transaction costs.  One person simply gives money, or goods, or services, to someone else (or to a church), and the recipient of the donation then uses it in the best way possible.  A person giving $10 in a collection basket at church does not fill out any paperwork or require any commitments on how the church uses the donation.  It is assumed that the church will use the money as best it can, perhaps even in an unexpected way during the following year.  Pure charity is often purely efficient, with little waste in terms of transaction costs.  Charitable transfers are not taxed either, so none of it goes to support the government.

An immense advantage of charity is that it has no transaction costs.  One person simply gives money, or goods, or services, to someone else (or to a church), and the recipient of the donation then uses it in the best way possible.  A person giving $10 in a collection basket at church does not fill out any paperwork or require any commitments on how the church uses the donation.  It is assumed that the church will use the money as best it can, perhaps even in an unexpected way during the following year.  Pure charity is often purely efficient, with little waste in terms of transaction costs.  Charitable transfers are not taxed either, so none of it is spent on harmful government programs.

America’s health care system, by far the greatest in the world, was built on a foundation of charity.  People and religious organizations giving time, money and expertise to care for individuals who could never afford to pay all the costs.  Education, too, was developed in this country largely through charity.  In recent years, both health care and education have lost their charitable identities and been taken over in significant ways by the government, and the results of government involvement have not been positive.  Costs have gone up and quality has gone down.

America’s health care system, by far the greatest in the world, was built on a foundation of charity.  People and religious organizations giving time, money and expertise to care for individuals who could never afford to pay all the costs.  Education, too, was developed in this country largely through charity.  In recent years, both health care and education have lost their charitable identities and been taken over in significant ways by the government, and the results of government involvement have not been positive.  Costs have gone up and quality has gone down.

The first private medical clinic in the United States was the Mayo Clinic, established by the Mayo family of physicians in 1889.  Their sponsor was the Sisters of St. Francis, which built St. Mary’s Hospital in Rochester, Minnesota.

The first private medical clinic in the United States was the Mayo Clinic, established by the Mayo family of physicians in 1889.  Their sponsor was the Sisters of St. Francis, which built St. Mary’s Hospital in Rochester, Minnesota.

Likewise, the successful American colonies were initially more religious and charitable than commercial.  Pennsylvania was founded on religious principles by the Quaker William Penn, who in turn established Philadelphia as the City of Brotherly Love.  Within merely a few decades it grew to become the second most populated city in the British Empire, after London.

Likewise, the successful American colonies were initially more religious and charitable than commercial.  Pennsylvania was founded on religious principles by the Quaker William Penn, who in turn established Philadelphia as the City of Brotherly Love.  Within merely a few decades it grew to become the second most successful city in the British Empire, after London.  Another successful city, Boston, was built on the religious values of Puritans.

It was only on the solid foundation of the brick houses of hardy Quakers and their strict moral rules that the flower of free enterprise blossomed there.  The same could be said for Boston, where Puritans served as the anchor.

It is primarily on the solid foundation of religious values and charity that the flower of free enterprise blossoms.

==Assignment==

==Assignment==