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{{Redirect|Fox News}}{{Distinguish2|[[ImageFox News Radio]] and local news bulletins on the [[List of Fox television affiliates (by U.S. state)|Fox Network Affiliates]]}}{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2012}}{{pp-semi-indef}}{{Pp-move-indef}}<!--- WARNING:FNC Please Adhere to Wikipedia' Neutral Point of View policy; any uncited controversies will be reverted!--->{{Infobox TV channel|logofile=Fox News Channel.svg|logosize=200px|logocaption='''Fox News Channel logo'''|branding=Fox News Channel|logoalt=|launch=October 7, 1996|closed date=|share=|share as of=|share source=|owner=[[News Corporation]]|picture format=[[720p]] ([[HDTV]])<br> [[480i]] ([[SDTV]]/16:9 letterbox)|slogan=Fair & Balanced|country=United States|language=English|broadcast area=Worldwide|headquarters=New York City<br />United States|former names=|replaced names=|sister names=[[Fox Business Network]]<br />[[Fox Broadcasting Company]]<br />[[Sky News]]<br />[[Sky News Australia]]<br />[[Sky TG24]]|timeshift names=|web=[http://www.jpgfoxnews.com/ FoxNews.com]|rightsat serv 1=[[DirecTV]]|175pxsat chan 1=360 (HD/SD)|sat serv 2=[[Dish Network]]|sat chan 2=205 (HD/SD)<br />9477 (HD)|sat serv 3=[[Bell TV]]|sat chan 3=507|sat serv 4=[[Shaw Direct]]|sat chan 4=503 / 154|sat serv 5=[[Foxtel]]|sat chan 5=604|sat serv 6=[[Sky Network Television]]|sat chan 6=092|sat serv 7=[[Sky Italia]]|sat chan 7=514|sat serv 8=[[Sky (UK & Ireland)|Sky]]|sat chan 8=509|sat serv 9=[[Digital+]]|sat chan 9=77|sat serv 10=[[DishHD]] (Taiwan)|sat chan 10=6515|cable serv 1=Available on most cable systems|cable chan 1=Check local listings|cable serv 2=In-House (Washington)|cable chan 2=18|cable serv 3=[[Verizon FiOS]]|cable chan 3=618 (HD)<br/> 118 (SD) |sat radio serv 1=[[Sirius Satellite Radio|Sirius]]|sat radio chan 1=131|sat radio serv 2=[[XM Satellite Radio|XM]]|sat radio chan 2=121|adsl serv 1=[[Sky Angel]]|adsl chan 1=318|iptv serv 1=Bell Fibe TV (Canada)|iptv chan 1=507|online serv 1=|online chan 1=}}'''Fox News Channel''' ('''FNC'''), also known as '''Fox News''', is a [[cable news]] channel owned by the [[Fox Entertainment Group]], a subsidiary of [[News Corporation]]. As of April 2009, the channel was available to 102 million households in the United States and to viewers internationally, broadcasting primarily from its [[New York City|New York]] studios.
The '''Fox News Channel''' is a channel was created by [[United StatesAustralian American|Australian-American]] [[cablemedia mogul]] and [[satelliteRupert Murdoch]] , who hired former NBC executive [[newsRoger Ailes]] as its founding [[CEO]] channel. It is a 24-hour general <ref>{{cite news service covering breaking news as well as political|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A00E4DE1F3FF934A35753C1A960958260&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/A/Ailes, business and entertainment news%20Roger%20E. The average age of its viewership |title=At the new Fox News Channel, the buzzword is 65 years oldfairness, separating news from bias| work=The New York Times| first=Lawrie| last=Mifflin| date=October 7, 1996| accessdate=May 4, 2010}}</ref> It launched on October 7, 1996<ref>{{cite web|url=http://marketplace.publicradio.org/shows/1996/10/07_mpp.html|title=Marketplace: News Archives|author=Brancaccio, David|date=October 7, 1996|work=|publisher=Marketplace|accessdate=May 12, 2010|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5uRTqDrOb|archivedate=November 22, 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref> to 17 million cable subscribers. It grew during the late 1990s and even 70 years old for its 2000s to become the dominant [[O'Reilly Factorcable news]]network in the United States. Much of Fox News Channel is self<ref>Gillette, Felix (October 1, 2008). [http://www.observer.com/2008/media/viewers-serving continuing-flock-cable-news-networks "happy talk," telling its elderly audience what it wants Viewers Continuing to hear, or selling OFlock to Cable News Networks"]. ''The New York Observer'Reilly's latest book.</ref>
On Friday, October 17, 2008 at 6 am ET, DirecTV launched the high-definition channel. This was the first national launch of the channel in HD.<ref>{{cite web|last=Murph|first=Darren|url= Fox http://hd.engadget.com/2008/10/17/fox-news-turns-hd-on-directv/|title=FOX News Liberals Turns HD on DirecTV|publisher=Engadget|date=October 17, 2008|accessdate=Talk to any Fox News2009-hating liberal and you'll here the same old regurgitated talking point05- ''"Fox is not Fair & Balanced,"'' ''"Rightwing propaganda27|archiveurl=http://www."'' One network, Fox News, has twice the number of opposing commentators than does all media sources combinedwebcitation. If you add up the major media properties; ABCorg/5uRU3pzCz|archivedate=November 22, NBC2010|deadurl=no}}</ref> On January 9, CBS2009, MSNBC, CNN, PBS, New York Times, Washington Post, and Newsweek -- you get a total of five [[Token conservative | so-called conservativeCox Communications]] personalities among hundreds of liberals. At added the leastHD channel:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cox.com/gocox/pdf/pdf_new/Wichita.pdf|title=Cox Communications|format=PDF|date=|accessdate=2010-08-27}}</ref> on February 3, 2009 Dish Network did also. Fox News employs the following switched from a 4:3 [[liberalaspect ratio]]sto a 16:9, [[letterbox]] ratio for its standard-definition channel at 6 am ET on September 28, 2009.
===Television===
{{Main|Fox News Channel programming}}
FNC presents a variety of programming, with up to 15 hours of live broadcasting per day in addition to programming and content for the [[Fox Broadcasting Company]]. Most programs are broadcast from Fox News headquarters in New York City (at [[1211 Avenue of the Americas]]), in its streetside studio on [[Sixth Avenue (Manhattan)|Sixth Avenue]] in the west wing of [[Rockefeller Center]]. The remaining programs are broadcast from Fox News's [[Washington, D.C.]] studio, located on [[Capitol Hill]] across from [[Union Station (Washington, D.C.)|Union Station]] in a secured building shared by a number of other television networks (including [[NBC News]] and [[C-SPAN]]). Audio simulcasts of the channel are aired on [[XM Satellite Radio]] and [[Sirius Satellite Radio]].
=== The Five {{anchor|High definition}}High-definition===The show that replaced Glenn Beck's ratings dominance is 'The Five'[[720p]], described as a “roundtable ensemble high-definition simulcast of five rotating FOX personalities...Fox News Channel launched on May 1, 2008." <ref>[{{cite web|url=http://mediadecoderwww.blogs.nytimesmultichannel.com/2011/06/30article/fox-news89931-Fox_News_To_Make_HD_Bow_With_Time_Warner.php|title=Multichannel News April 29, 2008 Fox News to-replace-beck-make HD bow withTime Warner|publisher=Multichannel.com|date=|accessdate=2009-the08-five15|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5uRU7Qnvg|archivedate=November 22, 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref> Most of the programs available in HD (''[[Fox News to Replace Beck With ‘The Five’& Friends]]'', NYTimes''[[America's Newsroom]]'', June 30''[[Happening Now]]'', 2011''[[America Live with Megyn Kelly]]'', ''[[Studio B with Shepard Smith]]'', ''[[Your World with Neil Cavuto]]'', ''[[Special Report with Bret Baier]]'', ''[[Fox Report]]'', ''[[The O'Reilly Factor]]'', ''[[Hannity]]'' and ''[[On the Record with Greta Van Susteren]]'') are shown in [[16:9]] widescreen. Fox News Channel began producing its standard-definition programs in letterbox format on September 28, 2009; therefore, high- and standard-definition viewers now both see the same picture and [[pillarbox]]es are no longer needed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/355467-FNC_Pushes_Widescreen.php|title=Broadcasting & Cable September 28, 2009 FNC Pushes Widescreen – Will deliver letterboxed standard-def feed|publisher=Broadcastingcable.com|date=|accessdate=2010-08-27|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5uRU8AjJn|archivedate=November 22, 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref>
== Ratings Dominance =Radio==={{Main|Fox News Channel was Radio}}With the 2nd highest rated cable channel on all growth of television during FNC, the first quarter of 2009 company introduced a radio division ([[Fox News Radio]]) in prime time Total Viewers2003. CNN was 17th and MSNBC 24th for [[Syndicated radio show|Syndicated]] throughout the first three months of United States, the year. FNC beat CNN division provides short newscasts and MSNBC combined and gained talk radio programs featuring personalities from the most compared to the first quarter of 2008, up 24%. 2009's first quarter was FNC's 3rd highest rated quarter in prime time in the network's history — just behind Q4 '08 television and Q3 '05radio divisions. In prime time, ages 25-54 demo2006 the company also introduced [[Fox News Talk]], a [[satellite radio]] station featuring programs syndicated by (and in total day in both categories, FNC grew more year-to-year than CNN and MSNBC combined. FNC had nine of the top 10 programs on cable news in Total Viewersfeaturing) Fox News personalities.
==Personalities=={{See also|Fox News Channel programming#Personalities|l1=Fox News Channel personalities}}Producing a variety of programming, FNC has a number of program hosts, news anchors, [[correspondent]]s and contributors who appear daily on the channel. Hosts include [[Bill O'Reilly (commentator)|Bill O'Reilly]], [[Sean Hannity]], [[Greta Van Susteren]], [[Mike Huckabee]], [[Shepard Smith]] and [[Neil Cavuto]], all of whom host programs on the top-ten list of the most-watched programs on cable news.<ref>{{cite web|title=April 2007 Weekday Ranker|publisher=TV Newser|url=http://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/original/apr07ranker.pdf|format=PDF|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5sQ1JOeTB|archivedate=September 1, 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref> In January 2009 statistics showed three new programs beat , former [[CNN ]] commentator [[Glenn Beck]] was added to Fox's weekday lineup;<ref>{{cite news|title=Glenn Beck Sounds Off on Washington State Christmas Controversy and MSNBC Blagojevich Scandal|accessdate=December 19, 2008|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,467244,00.html|publisher=Fox News|date=December 15, 2008|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5uRUBvuCS|archivedate=November 22, 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref> his last FNC show was June 30, 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Glenn Beck's Final Show|publisher=News Corp| url=http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/glenn-beck/transcript/glenn-becks-final-show|date=June 30, 2011}}{{dead link|date=June 2012}}</ref> Beck was replaced on Fox News by 'combined‘The Five’'(featuring [[Greg Gutfeld]], [[Juan Williams]], [[Dana Perino]], [[Andrew Napolitano]], [[Geraldo Rivera]], and [[Monica Crowley]]) on July 11, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Glenn Beck Replaced By ' in total viewers during their respective time slotsThe Five' on Fox News |url=http://www.newsmax.com/InsideCover/GlennBeckReplacedByTheFiveonFoxNews/2011/07/01/id/402206 |publisher=Newsmax |date=July 1, 2011}}</ref>
== Obama Administration versus Fox News Slogan==[[Barack Hussein ObamaFile:Fairbalanced.png|thumb|2005 "Fair & Balanced" graphic|alt="Fair & Balanced" against blue, black and red background]] has thin skin when it comes to criticism of his policies"Fair & Balanced" is a [[trademark]]ed slogan used by the broadcaster, originally used in conjunction with the phrase "Real Journalism". The entire Comedian [[mainstream mediaAl Franken]] has thrown its support to Obama and refuses to questions used the slogan in the subtitle for his policies2003 book ''[[Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them|Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them: A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right]]''. In the book, he cites examples of what he claims to be Fox News is the lone station that will criticize Obama fairly' [[Media bias|bias]]. Obama saidOn August 7, 2003 Fox News sued for copyright infringement.<refname="foxsuit">de Moraes, Lisa (August 12, 2003). [http://www.newsmaxwashingtonpost.com/insidecoverac2/media_critic_fox_newswp-dyn/2009/06/19/227121.html Media CriticA46985-2003Aug11?language=printer Three Little Words: Fox Only Press Doing Its JobNews Sues.] NewsMax, June 19, 2009''[[Washington Post]]''</ref>{{cquote| “I’ve got one television station that is entirely devoted to attacking my administration…That’s a pretty big megaphoneThe lawsuit was dropped three days later, after Judge [[Denny Chin]] refused its request for an [[injunction]]. You’d be hard pressed if you watched In his decision, Chin ruled that the entire day to find a positive story about me case (''[[Fox v. Franken]]'') was "wholly without merit, both factually and legally". He went on to suggest that frontFox News' trademark on the phrase "fair and balanced" could be invalid.” }}<ref name="foxloss">Phil Hirschkorn (August 22, 2003). [http://www.cnn.com/2003/LAW/08/22/fox.franken/ Fox News loses attempt to block satirist's book]. ''CNN''</ref>
== Roger Ailes =Objectivity and Bias===Critics of the channel in [[Image:Rogerailes_1.jpg Progressivism in the United States|thumbAmerican progressive]] organizations such as the [[Democratic Party]], [[Media Matters]], and [[Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting]] contend that it has a bias favoring the [[Right-wing politics|political right]] and the Republican Party.<ref name="democrats.org">[http://www.democrats.org/a/2006/09/dean_on_preside_3.php Dean On President Clinton Standing Up To Right-Wing Propaganda On Fox News Sunday]{{dead link|400px|Roger Ailesdate=June 2012}}, The Democratic Party, September 25, 2006</ref><ref>[http://mediamatters.org/items/200407210007 O'Reilly: "FOX does tilt right"], Media Matters for America</ref><ref>[http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=1067 The Most Biased Name in News – Fox News CEOChannel's extraordinary right-wing tilt], FAIR, July/August 2001</ref> [[Timothy Noah]] stated in an editorial in [[Slate Magazine]] that Fox News had a conservative bias.<ref>Timothy Noah, [http://www.foxnewsslate.com/storyid/02119864/ Fox News admits bias!],2933''Slate'',205966May 31,002005. Retrieved September 26, 2006.</ref> Fox News has publicly denied such statements.<ref>[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/5b77af92-548c-11db-901f-0000779e2340.html This is a Interview transcript: Rupert Murdoch and Roger Ailes] of , the Financial Times, October 6, 2006</ref> Murdoch and Ailes speaking ' replies have included Murdoch's statement that Fox has "given room to both sides, whereas only one side had it before".<ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/10/26/1098667750250.html News Corp denies Fox News bias] Australian Associated Press, October 26, 2004</ref><ref>[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/5b77af92-548c-11db-901f-0000779e2340.html Interview transcript: Rupert Murdoch and Roger Ailes], the Television Critics AssociationFinancial Times, which will be enlightening to readers digging into October 6, 2006</ref> In 2004 director [[Robert Greenwald]] produced the Fox take documentary film ''[[Outfoxed: Rupert Murdoch's War on reporting Journalism]]'', which argues that Fox News has a conservative bias. The film includes clips from Fox News and its reaction internal memos from editorial vice president [[John Moody (journalist)|John Moody]] directing Fox News staff on how to controversy about its missionreport certain subjects. <ref name="tilting">{{Citation| last=Kurtz|first=Howard|author-link=Howard Kurtz|title=Tilting at the Right, Leaning to the Left|newspaper=The Washington Post|pages=D01|date=July 11, 2004|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A41604-2004Jul10.html}}</ref>
{{quote |text==Sarah Palin==The network confirmed in January of 2010 Over many months, Fox lulled its conservative base with agitprop: that the former President Obama was a clear failure, that a majority of Americans saw [[AlaskaMitt Romney|Alaskan]] governor [[Sarah PalinMitt]Romney] had signed ] as a multiyear contract good alternative in hard times, and that polls showing otherwise were politically motivated and not to appear be believed. But on Tuesday night, the news station periodically. Potentially people in charge of Fox News were confronted with a format similar to LtCol (ret) Oliver Lstark choice after it became clear that Mr. North's "War stories" documentary seriesRomney had fallen short: was Fox, first and foremost, a place for advocacy or a place for news? In this moment, at least, Fox chose news. <ref>David Carr, [http://mediadecoder.blogswww.nytimes.com/2010/012012/11/sarah12/business/media/fox-palinnewss-toelection-contributecoverage-tofollowed-foxjournalistic-news/instincts.html?scp=2&sq=Palin&st=csehp "Election News Over Agenda for Fox"], ''The New York Times'', 11 November 2012.</ref>}}
==Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld=Misrepresentation of facts===Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld is [[Media Matters for America]], which bills itself as a hybrid news "[[Progressivism in the United States|progressive]] research and information center dedicated to comprehensively monitoring, analyzing, and correcting conservative misinformationin the U.S. media,"<ref name="About">{{cite web|url=http:/ comedic satire show hosted by Greg Gutfeld/mediamatters. The show appears on org/about|title=About|publisher=Meda Matters|accessdate=23 January 2013}}</ref> cataloged what it called the ten most "egregious examples" of "distortion" by both Fox News at 3:00 a.m. EST on weekdays. Their ratings are remarkable for the time slotand its TV personalities. <ref>[{{cite news|url=http://www.mediaitehuffingtonpost.com/online2009/red10/20/the-eyeten-resurgencemost-moreegregious-demo-viewers-watch-foxfo_n_327140.html|title=The Ten Most Egregious Fox News Distortions|publisher=The Huffington Post|accessdate=2010-at05-3am-than-cnn-at-8pm/ Red Eye Resurgence04|archiveurl=http: More Demo Viewers Watch Fox At 3am Than CNN at 8pm//www.webcitation.org/5uRUMkMMe |archivedate=November 22, 2010|deadurl=no|first=Rachel|last=Weiner|date=October 5th20, 2009]}}</ref>Criticism includes several examples of cropping quotes from President Obama, Vice President Biden and Vice President Gore so they appear out of context, using image-manipulation software to edit the appearance of reporters from ''[[The New York Times]]'' and using footage from other events during a report on the November 5 Tea Party rally in Washington, D.C.; Media Matters said the intention of Fox News was to make it appear as if a larger number of protesters attended the event.<ref>{{cquotecite web|The ratings came out for September and Red Eye is url=http://mediamatters.org/research/200911110019|title=Hannity video switch-up over 30% in total viewers and up 50% in is only the key demo (25tip of Fox News' video-54) since Julydoctoring iceberg|author=D. They have more overall viewers than every CNBC showC.P.|date=November 11, every MSNBC show that is on before Hardball2009|publisher=Media Matters for America|accessdate=May 12, most of HLN2010|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5uRUNmQyk|archivedate=November 22, 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref> The group also called attention to the December 4 edition of ''[[Fox and American Morning on CNNFriends]]'', accusing the program of misleading its viewers with a "questionable graphic" showing the result of a [[Rasmussen Reports]] climate-change poll totaling 120 percent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mediamatters.org/blog/200912080002 |title=Fox News fiddles with climate change polling|author=Simon Maloy|date=December 8, 2009|publisher=Media Matters for America|accessdate=May 12, 2010|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5omPV9mKq|archivedate=April 6, 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref>
=== Bill O{{anchor|Fox Extra}}''Fox Extra''Reilly and the homosexuality issue ===Initially, US advertisements were replaced on FNC with viewer e-mail and profiles of FNC anchors set to music. In 2002, these were replaced with international weather forecasts. In 2006 the weather forecasts were replaced with ''Fox Extra'' (originally ''Fox News Extra'', prior to the international launch of [[Fox Business]]) segments, narrated reports from Fox on a variety of topics. These reports generally concern lighter issues unrelated to current news events, and the segments are repeated. FNC also shows international weather forecasts when Fox Extra segments run short. In the United Kingdom, after a period when local commercials were inserted into breaks ''Fox Extra'' now fills most breaks.
Fox News Channel is currently{{When|date=February 2013}} offered by [[WorldNetDailyAccess Communications]] stated the following regarding O'Reilly and his exchange with the , Bell TV, [[Ex-HomosexualsCogeco]], [[EastLink (company)|ex-homosexualEastlink]] , [[Manitoba Telecom Services]], Rogers, [[SaskTel]], Shaw Cable, Shaw Direct and evangelical minister Stephen Bennett:{{cquote|[[Telus TV]]. An exception is Vidéotron, Canada's third-largest cable company, which has not added Fox News is threatening Channel to sue a prominent evangelical minister in the ex-homosexual movement who engaged in a volatile exchange over biblical morality on the top-rated television program "The O'Reilly Factor" in Septemberits lineup.
===Israel===In response to the threatened lawsuit [[Israel]], FNC is broadcast on Channel 105 of the Fox News Channel the Agape Press reported:{{cquotepay-TV cable operator [[YES Network|But Mike DePrimo, senior litigation counsel for the American Family Association Center for Law & Policy, which represents Bennett, says Bennett has YES]] digital platform. It is run as a right sister channel to distribute a recording of the program -- and that his use of the tape is legal under copyright law[[BSkyB]]'s allowance of fair use and commentpopular [[Sky News]], which is broadcast on Channel 103.
=== Peter LaBarbera Concerning Fox News and homosexuality Pakistan===In [[Pakistan]], FNC is available on [[PTCL Smart TV]] and a number of cable and [[IPTV]] operators.
===Singapore===In March of 2009, [[Peter LaBarberaSingapore]] declared:{{cquote|Temple U. Professor Dr. Marc Lamont Hill (left), a frequent guest FNC is broadcast on FOX News, believes Americans are “Channel 702 of the pay-TV cable operator [[homophobia|homophobicStarHub TV]]” because most still don’t like to see homosexuality (compared to heterosexuality) on TV or the big screen. We say Prof. Hill should get off his liberal high horse and stop lecturing Americans for their normal reaction to unnatural and immoral behavior..digital platform.It also broadcasts its sister channel, Sky News.
=== Rupert Murdoch =See also==[[Image:HillaryRupert1V.jpg{{Portal|rightNew York City|thumbCompanies|200px|Hillary Clinton with media magnate Ruppert Murdoch.<br><small>''Photo Courtesy Democrats Against Hillary''.</small><ref>[http://democratsagainsthillary.blogspot.com/ ''Democrats Against Hillary''].</ref>]]The Fox News Channel is a [[Television in the United States]] }}* [[cableFox Business Network]] and * [[satelliteFox effect]] * [[news]] channel. It is part of the The Fox Television Stations Group, a subsidiary of [[AustraliaNation (website)|AustralianThe Fox Nation]]{{-born media mogul [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s [[News Corporation]].}}==References=={{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
=== Knighthood by Roman Catholic Organization and Roman Catholic teaching on homosexuality =External links==Rupert Murdoch has been married three times and divorced two times. Before Rupert Murdoch left his second wife, he was anointed as a member of the Pontifical Order of St. Gregory the Great, for his "unblemished character."<ref>{{commons category|FOX News Channel}}* {{official website|http://weeklywirewww.foxnews.com/ww/01-20-98/alibi_opinion.html</ref>}}
[[Category:24-hour television news channels in the United States]][[Category:English-language television stations in the United States]][[Category:Foreign television channels broadcasting in the United Kingdom]][[Category:Fox News Channel|*]][[Category:News Corporation subsidiaries]][[Category:Sirius Satellite Radio channels]][[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1996]][[Category:XM Satellite Radio channels]][[Category:Cable TV NetworksArticle Feedback 5 Additional Articles]]
