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'''Mexican painting''' has gone through different representative moments with artists whose proposal doesn’t only focus on style and themes, but on leading ideologies that were taken to all aspects of their lives. [http://www.explorandomexico.com/about-mexico/5/5/]

'''Mexican painting''' has gone through different representative moments with artists whose proposal doesn’t only focus on style and themes, but on leading ideologies that were taken to all aspects of their lives. [http://www.explorandomexico.com/about-mexico/5/5/]

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== Pre-Hispanic Era==

== Pre-Hispanic Era==

[[Image:Dresden Codex public domain.jpg|thumb|120px|Maya Dresden Codex]]  

[[Image:Dresden Codex public domain.jpg|thumb|left|120px|Maya Dresden Codex]]  

Painting is one of the most ancient arts in Mexico. It is said that the oldest paint in America was found in a cave in [[Baja California]]. [http://www.elmundo.es/2002/12/12/ciencia/1292233.html]

Painting is one of the most ancient arts in Mexico.  

 

[[Aztecs]] and Mayans, painted on the walls of their temples and tombs. In [[Maya|Mayan]] culture one may find interesting paintings in Bonampak frescoes. ''The civilizations of pre-Hispanic Mexico recorded their histories, religious beliefs, and scientific knowledge in books called "[[codices]]".'' [http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/object.cfm?key=35&gkey=100&objkey=5954]

[[Aztecs]] and Mayans, painted on the walls of their temples and tombs. In [[Maya|Mayan]] culture one may find interesting paintings in Bonampak frescoes. ''The civilizations of pre-Hispanic Mexico recorded their histories, religious beliefs, and scientific knowledge in books called "[[codices]]".'' [http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/object.cfm?key=35&gkey=100&objkey=5954]

''A main function of Aztec Art was to express religious and mythical concepts to legitimize the power of the State. This artistic language spoke predominantly through the form of iconographic symbols and metaphors. For example, the image of the eagle symbolized the warrior and the sun at its zenith. Images of serpents were linked to the gods Tlaloc and Huitzilopochtli, and thus were represented as water or fire serpents, respectively.'' [http://www.famsi.org/research/aguilar/Aztec_Art_Part1.pdf]

''A main function of Aztec Art was to express religious and mythical concepts to legitimize the power of the State. This artistic language spoke predominantly through the form of iconographic symbols and metaphors. For example, the image of the eagle symbolized the warrior and the sun at its zenith. Images of serpents were linked to the gods Tlaloc and Huitzilopochtli, and thus were represented as water or fire serpents, respectively.'' [http://www.famsi.org/research/aguilar/Aztec_Art_Part1.pdf]

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[[Image:Bonampak frescos.jpg|thumb|left|Bonampak frescoes]]

[[Image:Bonampak frescos.jpg|thumb|center|Bonampak frescoes]]

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== Colonial Era ==

== Colonial Era ==

[[Image:Ayala La familia del Valle a los pies de la Virgen de Loreto.jpg|thumb|Virgen de Loreto by Josep Antonio de Ayala]]

[[Image:Ayala La familia del Valle a los pies de la Virgen de Loreto.jpg|thumb|Virgen de Loreto by Josep Antonio de Ayala]]

The [[Baroque]] style was developed also in [[New Spain]] in its Colonial era; although, it incorporated Indian decorative motifs. Religious paintings intended for churches and portraits of aristocrats were the current subject in this Colonial era. From the XVI to the XVIII Century, Mexican painting played an important didactic role; ''Because the colonists wanted to make a good impression, some of New Spain's finest artists were hired to paint casta cycles.'' [http://www.artnet.com/magazine_pre2000/features/ramirez/ramirez12-02-96.asp] [[Miguel Cabrera]] (1695 - 1768), [[Cristóbal de Villalpando]] (ca. 1649 - 1714) and [[Juan Correa]] (1646 - 1716) are the best-known painters of New Spain. Baltasar Echave Rioja, Luis Juárez, his son José Juárez and [[José de Ibarra]] are also remarkable painters.

The [[Baroque]] style was developed also in [[New Spain]] in its Colonial era; although, it incorporated Indian decorative motifs. Religious paintings intended for churches and portraits of aristocrats were the current subject in this Colonial era. From the XVI to the XVIII Century, Mexican painting played an important didactic role; ''Because the colonists wanted to make a good impression, some of New Spain's finest artists were hired to paint casta cycles.'' [http://www.artnet.com/magazine_pre2000/features/ramirez/ramirez12-02-96.asp] [[Miguel Cabrera]] (1695 - 1768), [[Cristóbal de Villalpando]] (ca. 1649 - 1714) and [[Juan Correa]] (1646 - 1716) are the best-known painters of New Spain. Baltasar Echave Rioja, Luis Juárez, his son José Juárez and [[José de Ibarra]] are also remarkable painters.

== XIX and early XX Century ==

== XIX and early XX Century ==

[[File:Velasco, Camino a Chalco con los Volcanes.jpg|thumb|Camino a Chalco con los Volcanes by [[José María Velasco]]]]

[[File:Velasco, Camino a Chalco con los Volcanes.jpg|thumb|Camino a Chalco con los Volcanes by [[José María Velasco]]]]

[[File:Cordero Doña Dolores Tosta de Santa Anna detalle.jpg|thumb|Doña Dolores Tosta de Santa Anna (detail) by [[Juan Cordero]].]]

[[File:Cordero Doña Dolores Tosta de Santa Anna detalle.jpg|thumb|Doña Dolores Tosta de Santa Anna (detail) by [[Juan Cordero]].]]

== XX Century ==

== XX Century ==

[[Image:Soriano Autoretrato.jpg|thumb|Self-Portrait by Juan Soriano]]

[[Image:Soriano Autoretrato.jpg|thumb|Self-Portrait by Juan Soriano]]

Some of the most important figures in this era are: [[Rufino Tamayo]], Francisco Goitia, [[Frida Kahlo]], [[Juan O'Gorman]], [[Remedios Varo]], Leonora Carrington, [[Gunther Gerzso]], Jose Luis Cuevas, Rafael Coronel and [[Juan Soriano]] as well as Mexico’s great muralists [[Diego Rivera]], [[Jose Clemente Orozco]] and [[David Alfaro Siqueiros]].

Some of the most important figures in this era are: [[Rufino Tamayo]], Francisco Goitia, [[Frida Kahlo]], [[Juan O'Gorman]], [[Remedios Varo]], Leonora Carrington, [[Gunther Gerzso]], Jose Luis Cuevas, Rafael Coronel and [[Juan Soriano]] as well as Mexico’s great muralists [[Diego Rivera]], [[Jose Clemente Orozco]] and [[David Alfaro Siqueiros]].

== Muralism ==

== Muralism ==

[[Image:Rivera AlamedaPark.jpg|thumb|Alameda Park, detail of mural by Diego Rivera.]]

[[Image:Rivera AlamedaPark.jpg|thumb|Alameda Park, detail of mural by Diego Rivera.]]

''The Mexican Modernist School (and [[Muralism|muralists]]) abandoned the solemn and detached art of [[Europe]] and instead embraced bold [[New World]] imagery full of color and human activity.'' [http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/jcummings/jcdiegofrida.html] Some remarkable painters of this  time are: [[Diego Rivera]], [[David Alfaro Siqueiros]], and [[Jose Clemente Orozco|José Clemente Orozco]]. Gerardo Murillo ([[Dr. Atl]]) is another important painter of this School, but he also painted traditional landscapes and contemporary art experiments.

''The Mexican Modernist School (and [[Muralism|muralists]]) abandoned the solemn and detached art of [[Europe]] and instead embraced bold [[New World]] imagery full of color and human activity.'' [http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/jcummings/jcdiegofrida.html] Some remarkable painters of this  time are: [[Diego Rivera]], [[David Alfaro Siqueiros]], and [[Jose Clemente Orozco|José Clemente Orozco]]. Gerardo Murillo ([[Dr. Atl]]) is another important painter of this School, but he also painted traditional landscapes and contemporary art experiments.