Changes

Q. If you did, Doctor, would it mean that you were ducking the question?

Q. If you did, Doctor, would it mean that you were ducking the question?

A. I would think so.<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 201 (PDF 215)</ref>}}Although Oppenheimer has long been presented as a "martyr to McCarthyism," it has been suggested that had Oppenheimer not been stripped of his clearance, he might be disrespected (like Elia Kazan)<ref>In 1999, when Kazan received an honorary Academy Award, many Hollywood liberals present, including Nick Nolte, Ed Harris, Ian McKellen and Amy Madigan, petulantly [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YziNNCZeNs refused to applaud].</ref> for "naming names"<ref>Kai Bird, quoted in [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A43634-2005Apr11.html Transcript: Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin, authors, American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer], Book World Live, ''Washington Post'', April 12, 2005</ref> to save his own skin.<ref>Carrie Rossenfeld, [http://www.atomicarchive.com/History/hbomb/page_15.shtml The Red Scare], The Race for the Hydrogen Bomb, atomicarchive.com</ref> Oppenheimer testified that he thought one of his graduate students, Bernard Peters (husband of Communist Party official Hannah Peters),<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 589, 825, 877 (PDF 599, 837, 889)</ref> told him circa 1938 that he [Peters] had been a member of the Communist Party.<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 122 (PDF 132)</ref> Yet in 1942 or '43 Oppenheimer invited Peters to join him at Los Alamos.<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 120 (PDF 130)</ref> A few months later, during a background interview to obtain his security clearance, Oppenheimer identified Peters "as a Communist."<ref>Silvan S. Schweber, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=pBNpeh2BaG4C In the Shadow of the Bomb: Bethe, Oppenheimer, and the Moral Responsibility of the Scientist]'' (Princeton University Press, 2000) ISBN 0691049890, p. 121</ref> The following year, Major Peer De Silva, chief of security at Los Alamos, interviewed Oppenheimer. Among his former students, Oppenheimer named Bohm and Peters as "truly dangerous,"<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 150 (PDF 160)</ref> according to De Silva's report, singling out Peters in particular as a "crazy person" who was "quite a red."<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 877 (PDF 889). Cf. Louisa Gilder, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=5i4isqpu-I8C The Age of Entanglement: When Quantum Physics Was Reborn]'' (Random House, Inc., 2009) ISBN 1400095263, pp. 189-190; F. David Peat, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=pobZMUmZbAEC Infinite Potential: The Life and Times of David Bohm]'' (Basic Books, 1997) ISBN 0201328208, p. 90</ref> Oppenheimer also testified before [[HUAC]] that Peters told him that he had been "a member of the German National Communist Party."<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 211 (PDF 221)</ref>

A. I would think so.<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 201 (PDF 215)</ref>}}Although Oppenheimer has long been presented as a "martyr to McCarthyism," it has been suggested that had Oppenheimer not been stripped of his clearance, he might be disrespected (like Elia Kazan)<ref>In 1999, when Kazan received an honorary Academy Award, many Hollywood liberals present, including Warren Beatty, Helen Hunt, Meryl Streep, Nick Nolte, Ed Harris, Ian McKellen and Amy Madigan, petulantly [http://articles.latimes.com/1999/mar/22/news/mn-19738 refused to applaud].</ref> for "naming names"<ref>Kai Bird, quoted in [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A43634-2005Apr11.html Transcript: Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin, authors, American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer], Book World Live, ''Washington Post'', April 12, 2005</ref> to save his own skin.<ref>Carrie Rossenfeld, [http://www.atomicarchive.com/History/hbomb/page_15.shtml The Red Scare], The Race for the Hydrogen Bomb, atomicarchive.com</ref> Oppenheimer testified that he thought one of his graduate students, Bernard Peters (husband of Communist Party official Hannah Peters),<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 589, 825, 877 (PDF 599, 837, 889)</ref> told him circa 1938 that he [Peters] had been a member of the Communist Party.<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 122 (PDF 132)</ref> Yet in 1942 or '43 Oppenheimer invited Peters to join him at Los Alamos.<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 120 (PDF 130)</ref> A few months later, during a background interview to obtain his security clearance, Oppenheimer identified Peters "as a Communist."<ref>Silvan S. Schweber, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=pBNpeh2BaG4C In the Shadow of the Bomb: Bethe, Oppenheimer, and the Moral Responsibility of the Scientist]'' (Princeton University Press, 2000) ISBN 0691049890, p. 121</ref> The following year, Major Peer De Silva, chief of security at Los Alamos, interviewed Oppenheimer. Among his former students, Oppenheimer named Bohm and Peters as "truly dangerous,"<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 150 (PDF 160)</ref> according to De Silva's report, singling out Peters in particular as a "crazy person" who was "quite a red."<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 877 (PDF 889). Cf. Louisa Gilder, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=5i4isqpu-I8C The Age of Entanglement: When Quantum Physics Was Reborn]'' (Random House, Inc., 2009) ISBN 1400095263, pp. 189-190; F. David Peat, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=pobZMUmZbAEC Infinite Potential: The Life and Times of David Bohm]'' (Basic Books, 1997) ISBN 0201328208, p. 90</ref> Oppenheimer also testified before [[HUAC]] that Peters told him that he had been "a member of the German National Communist Party."<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 211 (PDF 221)</ref>

After this testimony was leaked to the press,<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 210 (PDF 220)</ref> Condon, then Director of the Commerce Department's National Bureau of Standards (dealing with classified data on nuclear weapons, radar, and guided missiles), wrote a letter to the editor containing “a severe attack on Dr. Oppenheimer”<ref>U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3foX8lGuXz4C In the matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer: transcript of hearing before Personnel Security Board and texts of principal documents and letters]'' (MIT Press, 1971) ISBN 0262710021, p. 1018</ref> and tried to start various rumors alleging that Oppenheimer was either losing his mind or converting to the [[Catholic Church]].<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,935123,00.html THE ATOM: A Matter of Character]," ''Time'', June 14, 1954</ref> He also wrote Oppenheimer a letter accusing him of trying to "buy immunity for yourself by turning informer"<ref>Silvan S. Schweber, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=pBNpeh2BaG4C In the Shadow of the Bomb: Bethe, Oppenheimer, and the Moral Responsibility of the Scientist]'' (Princeton University Press, 2000) ISBN 0691049890, p. 125</ref> and demanding that he "try to make restitution," threatening that if Oppenheimer's own "file were ever made public, it would be a much bigger flap":<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 212 (PDF 222)</ref> "You know very well that once these people decide to go into your own dossier and make it public that it will make the 'revelations' that you have made so far look pretty tame."<ref>Silvan S. Schweber, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=pBNpeh2BaG4C In the Shadow of the Bomb: Bethe, Oppenheimer, and the Moral Responsibility of the Scientist]'' (Princeton University Press, 2000) ISBN 0691049890, p. 125</ref>

After this testimony was leaked to the press,<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 210 (PDF 220)</ref> Condon, then Director of the Commerce Department's National Bureau of Standards (dealing with classified data on nuclear weapons, radar, and guided missiles), wrote a letter to the editor containing “a severe attack on Dr. Oppenheimer”<ref>U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3foX8lGuXz4C In the matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer: transcript of hearing before Personnel Security Board and texts of principal documents and letters]'' (MIT Press, 1971) ISBN 0262710021, p. 1018</ref> and tried to start various rumors alleging that Oppenheimer was either losing his mind or converting to the [[Catholic Church]].<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,935123,00.html THE ATOM: A Matter of Character]," ''Time'', June 14, 1954</ref> He also wrote Oppenheimer a letter accusing him of trying to "buy immunity for yourself by turning informer"<ref>Silvan S. Schweber, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=pBNpeh2BaG4C In the Shadow of the Bomb: Bethe, Oppenheimer, and the Moral Responsibility of the Scientist]'' (Princeton University Press, 2000) ISBN 0691049890, p. 125</ref> and demanding that he "try to make restitution," threatening that if Oppenheimer's own "file were ever made public, it would be a much bigger flap":<ref>[[#refAECH|AEC Hearing]]: 212 (PDF 222)</ref> "You know very well that once these people decide to go into your own dossier and make it public that it will make the 'revelations' that you have made so far look pretty tame."<ref>Silvan S. Schweber, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=pBNpeh2BaG4C In the Shadow of the Bomb: Bethe, Oppenheimer, and the Moral Responsibility of the Scientist]'' (Princeton University Press, 2000) ISBN 0691049890, p. 125</ref>