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Gnostic groups
==Gnostic Groups==
==Gnostic Groups==
Gnostic and Gnosticism is used as blanket terms to cover a variety of sects:<ref name="Smith"/>
Marcion's teaching was marked by a fundamental dualism that "looks like a [[Syncretism|combination]] of Christianity and Syrian gnosis". Marcion distinguished between the ''highest God'' (the merciful father revealed in Jesus Christ) and but just ''cruel God'' (the Creator and Lawgiver revealed in the Old Testament). He regarded matter as evil, denied the resurrection of body, advocated a strict asceticism, and held to a [[Docetism|docetic]] Christology. Marcion's dualism led him to make a complete disjunction between law and gospel and entitled rejecting the Old Testament in its entirety and as well those New Testament writings he judged to be infected by "the Judaizing" error. The Marcionite '[[canon]]' consisted of the ten letters of the "Apostle" - the [[Saint Paul|Pauline]] corpus minus the Pastoral Epistles - and the "Gospel" - an ''edited'' version of [[Luke]].<ref name="Carson">{{cite book
*'''Marcionites.''' Marcion's teaching was marked by a fundamental dualism that "looks like a [[Syncretism|combination]] of Christianity and Syrian gnosis". Marcion distinguished between the ''highest God'' (the merciful father revealed in Jesus Christ) and but just ''cruel God'' (the Creator and Lawgiver revealed in the Old Testament). He regarded matter as evil, denied the resurrection of body, advocated a strict asceticism, and held to a [[Docetism|docetic]] Christology. Marcion's dualism led him to make a complete disjunction between law and gospel and entitled rejecting the Old Testament in its entirety and as well those New Testament writings he judged to be infected by "the Judaizing" error. The Marcionite '[[canon]]' consisted of the ten letters of the "Apostle" - the [[Saint Paul|Pauline]] corpus minus the Pastoral Epistles - and the "Gospel" - an ''edited'' version of [[Luke]].<ref name="Carson">{{cite book
|author=David G. Dunbar et al.
|author=David G. Dunbar et al.
|title=Hermeneutics, Authority, and Canon
|title=Hermeneutics, Authority, and Canon
|location=Eugene, Oregon
|location=Eugene, Oregon
|chapter=Nine: The Biblical Canon
|chapter=Nine: The Biblical Canon
|pages=331
|pages=331-333
|url=http://books.google.no/books?id=XHoFAQAACAAJ&dq=Carson+Hermeneutics,+Authority+and+Canon&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kuGLUJb3AouL4gSF0IGoDg&redir_esc=y
|url=http://books.google.no/books?id=XHoFAQAACAAJ&dq=Carson+Hermeneutics,+Authority+and+Canon&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kuGLUJb3AouL4gSF0IGoDg&redir_esc=y
|isbn=1-59752-118-3
|isbn=1-59752-118-3
}}</ref> An uncompromisingly radical dualism between the wicked and incompetent demiurge or "world maker" (often identified with the God of the Old Testament) and god who acts to rescue his elect is native to the major Gnostic schools: Valentinian<ref>{{cite book |title= The New Testament documents, are they reliable?|author=Frederick Fyvie Bruce |publsiher=InterVarsity Press |year=1982 |url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=JpGhUfX3CsLZ4ATXyYDoDA&id=mRHybGsExTUC&dq=Paul+E.+Little+Know+Who+You+Believe&q=Valentinus#search_anchor}}</ref> (scholars who sought salvation through knowledge), Basilidean, and Sethian.<ref name="Hart"/>
}}</ref> An uncompromisingly radical dualism between the wicked and incompetent demiurge or "world maker" (often identified with the God of the Old Testament) and god who acts to rescue his elect is native to the major Gnostic schools: Valentinian<ref>{{cite book |title= The New Testament documents, are they reliable?|author=Frederick Fyvie Bruce |publsiher=InterVarsity Press |year=1982 |url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=JpGhUfX3CsLZ4ATXyYDoDA&id=mRHybGsExTUC&dq=Paul+E.+Little+Know+Who+You+Believe&q=Valentinus#search_anchor}}</ref> (scholars who sought salvation through knowledge), Basilidean, and Sethian.<ref name="Hart"/> [[Justin Martyr]] is the first writer known to us to respond to Marcarion by name. He groups the Marcionites together with the:
*'''Valentinians'''
*'''Basilidians'''
*'''Saturnalians'''
* and others
who, though they claim the name of Christ, are in reality "atheists, impious, unrighteous, and sinful, and confessors of Jesus in name only."<ref name="Carson"/>
==Gnosticism Today==
==Gnosticism Today==