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{{HS_American_History}}

{{HS_American_History}}

[[American History Lecture Four|Lecture]] - [[American_History_Homework_Four|Questions]] - [[American History Homework Four Answers|Student Answers]]

[[American History Lecture Four|Lecture]] - [[American_History_Homework_Four|Questions]] <!-- [[American History Homework Four Answers|Student Answers]] -->

Here are a few more tips on answering multiple-choice history questions:

Here are a few more tips on answering multiple-choice history questions:

Let's try it now:  1798: who was president?<ref>Answer: John Adams was the president in 1798.</ref>1793?<ref>George Washington.</ref>  1790?<ref>Also George Washington.</ref>

Let's try it now:  1798: who was president?<ref>Answer: John Adams was the president in 1798.</ref>1793?<ref>George Washington.</ref>  1790?<ref>Also George Washington.</ref>

Throughout the late 1700s and all of the 1800s the federal or national government raised money for its operations primarily through tariffs, which are taxes on imports.  When a foreign country sent goods to be sold in the United States, our federal government would impose a tariff (tax) on those goods.  The more goods that were imported, the more revenue there would be from the tariffs.  Tariffs were ultimately replaced by the income tax on individuals as the primary means for supporting our government, because President Woodrow Wilson thought tariffs caused conflicts and wars between nations.

Throughout the late 1700s and all of the 1800s the federal (national) government raised money for its operations primarily through tariffs, which are taxes on imports.  When a foreign country sent goods to be sold in the United States, our federal government would impose a tariff (tax) on those goods.  The more goods that were imported, the more revenue there would be from the tariffs.  Tariffs were ultimately replaced in the 1900s by the income tax on individuals as the primary means for supporting our government, because President Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) thought tariffs caused conflicts and wars between nations.

Tariffs helped protect the domestic (United States) businesses by increasing the costs of the foreign competition, and thus are called "protective tariffs."  If you were to own a factory that produces computers, and if there were a tariff imposing a $100 tax on all imported computers, then you would be thrilled because you could undersell the competition and make more profits.  The North liked tariffs because the tariffs protected their manufacturing companies against competition by foreign manufacturers; the South disliked tariffs because it caused their cotton farmers to pay more for equipment, and because foreign nations would retaliate by imposing similar tariffs on the cotton exported by the South, which reduced the southern farmers' revenue.

Tariffs helped protect the domestic (United States) businesses by increasing the costs of the foreign competition, and thus are called "protective tariffs."  If you were to own a factory that produces computers, and if there were a tariff imposing a $100 tax on all imported computers, then you would be thrilled because you could undersell the competition and make more profits for your company.  The North liked tariffs because the tariffs protected their manufacturing companies against competition by foreign manufacturers; the South disliked tariffs because it caused their cotton farmers to pay more for equipment, and because foreign nations would retaliate by imposing similar tariffs on the cotton exported by the South, which reduced the southern farmers' revenue.

An example of a protective tariff today would be a surcharge of $2000 on every foreign car sold in the United States.  American car manufacturers would benefit from such a tariff, and the government would benefit from the extra revenue, but buyers of cars would not be happy about it.  People in the North in 1800 were like the car manufacturers today that would support tariffs; people in the South in 1800 were like car buyers today who would oppose the tariffs.  The conflict between the North and the South over tariffs was a major economic cause of the Civil War.

An example of a protective tariff today would be a surcharge of $2000 on every foreign car sold in the United States.  American car manufacturers would benefit from such a tariff, and the government would benefit from the extra revenue, but buyers of cars would not be happy about it.  People in the North in 1800 were like the car manufacturers today that would support tariffs; people in the South in 1800 were like car buyers today who would oppose the tariffs.  The conflict between the North and the South over tariffs became a major economic cause of the Civil War.

By 1800 decisions about tariffs and all other federal laws were being made in the marshy land now known as the District of Columbia.  This, too, was a compromise between the North and the South.  Our capital was initially in New York City, but then Alexander Hamilton brokered a compromise with Thomas Jefferson whereby the capital would move to Philadelphia in 1791 for ten years, and then to D.C. starting in 1800.  In order to obtain support by northerners for moving the capital towards the South, Hamilton agreed to arrange for the federal government to assume debts incurred by the States for the Revolutionary War.  So Washington actually suppressed the Whiskey Rebellion by riding from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, not from Washington, D.C., because the capital was in Philadelphia at that time.

By 1800 decisions about tariffs and all other federal laws were being made in the marshy land now known as the District of Columbia.  This, too, was a compromise between the North and the South.  Our capital was initially in New York City, but then Alexander Hamilton brokered a compromise with Thomas Jefferson whereby the capital would move to Philadelphia in 1791 for ten years, and then to D.C. starting in 1800.  In order to obtain support by northerners for moving the capital towards the South, Hamilton agreed to arrange for the federal government to assume debts incurred by the States for the Revolutionary War.  So Washington actually suppressed the Whiskey Rebellion by riding from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, not from Washington, D.C., because the capital was in Philadelphia at that time.

In this class we focus on the period from 1800 to 1840.

In this lecture we focus on the period from 1800 to 1840.

== Revolution of 1800 ==

== Revolution of 1800 ==