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→Government and Institutions
==Government and Institutions==
==Government and Institutions==
The Pope exercises supreme legislative, executive, and judicial power over the Holy See and the State of the Vatican City. [[Pope Benedict XVI]], former [[Cardinal]] Joseph Ratzinger of Germany, was elected and invested on April 19 and formally inaugurated on April 24, 2005.
The Pope exercises supreme legislative, executive, and judicial power over the Holy See and the State of the Vatican City. [[Pope Francis]], former [[Cardinal]] Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina, was elected and invested on March 13, 2013.
The term "[[Holy See]]" refers to the composite of the authority, jurisdiction, and sovereignty vested in the Pope and his advisers to direct the worldwide Roman Catholic Church. As the "central government" of the Roman Catholic Church, the Holy See has a legal personality that allows it to enter into treaties as the juridical equal of a state and to send and receive diplomatic representatives. The Holy See has formal diplomatic relations with 175 nations, including the United States and many predominantly Muslim countries. The Holy See also maintains relations of a special nature with the Russian Federation and the Organization for the Liberation of [[Palestine]].
The term "[[Holy See]]" refers to the composite of the authority, jurisdiction, and sovereignty vested in the Pope and his advisers to direct the worldwide Roman Catholic Church. As the "central government" of the Roman Catholic Church, the Holy See has a legal personality that allows it to enter into treaties as the juridical equal of a state and to send and receive diplomatic representatives. The Holy See has formal diplomatic relations with 175 nations, including the United States and many predominantly Muslim countries. The Holy See also maintains relations of a special nature with the Russian Federation and the Organization for the Liberation of [[Palestine]].