Changes

{{cquote|German writers picked up on earlier anti-Enlightenment theories of a Judeo-Masonic conspiracy to rule the world. During the French Revolution, the Jews, along with the Masons, were identified as forces for liberalism, secularism, and capitalism. German writers quickly found the Jews to be a more popular target than the Masons, perhaps because they were more visible or more different. The originally Judeo-Masonic theories eventually discarded the other conspirators, such as the Templars and the Illuminati, and focused on the Jews.<ref>Tyler Cowen, "[http://www.thefreemanonline.org/featured/the-socialist-roots-of-modern-anti-semitism/ The Socialist Roots of Modern Anti-Semitism]," ''The Freeman'' (Foundation for Economic Education), January 1997</ref>}}

{{cquote|German writers picked up on earlier anti-Enlightenment theories of a Judeo-Masonic conspiracy to rule the world. During the French Revolution, the Jews, along with the Masons, were identified as forces for liberalism, secularism, and capitalism. German writers quickly found the Jews to be a more popular target than the Masons, perhaps because they were more visible or more different. The originally Judeo-Masonic theories eventually discarded the other conspirators, such as the Templars and the Illuminati, and focused on the Jews.<ref>Tyler Cowen, "[http://www.thefreemanonline.org/featured/the-socialist-roots-of-modern-anti-semitism/ The Socialist Roots of Modern Anti-Semitism]," ''The Freeman'' (Foundation for Economic Education), January 1997</ref>}}

==Modern left-wing anti-Semitism==

==20th-century left-wing anti-Semitism==

According to Henry L. Feingold, director of the Jewish Resource Center at Baruch College, "socialism contained the seeds to become the anti-Semitism of the intellectuals of the Left."<ref>Henry L. Feingold, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=-ZrhFjuebEEC Lest memory cease: finding meaning in the American Jewish past]'' (Syracuse University Press, 1996) ISBN 0815604009, p. 81</ref> In the 20th century, those seeds took root and grew into a forest bearing poisonous fruit. For example, in the former Soviet Union, even after the death of the anti-Semite Stalin,<ref>See Konstantin Azadovskii and Boris Egorov, "[http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hpcws/egorov.htm From Anti-Westernism to Anti-Semitism]," ''Journal of Cold War Studies'', Vol. 4, No. 1 (Winter 2002), pp. 66-80. Cf. Louis Rapoport, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=5rZtAAAAMAAJ Stalin's war against the Jews: the doctors' plot and the Soviet solution]'' (Free Press, 1990) ISBN 0029258219</ref> Soviet anti-Semitism persisted:

According to Henry L. Feingold, director of the Jewish Resource Center at Baruch College, "socialism contained the seeds to become the anti-Semitism of the intellectuals of the Left."<ref>Henry L. Feingold, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=-ZrhFjuebEEC Lest memory cease: finding meaning in the American Jewish past]'' (Syracuse University Press, 1996) ISBN 0815604009, p. 81</ref> In the 20th century, those seeds took root and grew into a forest bearing poisonous fruit. For example, in the former Soviet Union, even after the death of the anti-Semite Stalin,<ref>See Konstantin Azadovskii and Boris Egorov, "[http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hpcws/egorov.htm From Anti-Westernism to Anti-Semitism]," ''Journal of Cold War Studies'', Vol. 4, No. 1 (Winter 2002), pp. 66-80. Cf. Louis Rapoport, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=5rZtAAAAMAAJ Stalin's war against the Jews: the doctors' plot and the Soviet solution]'' (Free Press, 1990) ISBN 0029258219</ref> Soviet anti-Semitism persisted:

{{cquote|Since World War II Jews and Judaism have been liberated in every country and territory where capitalism has been restored to vigorous growth&mdash;and this includes Germany. By contrast, wherever anticapitalism or precapitalism has prevailed the status of Jews and Judaism has either undergone deterioration or is highly precarious. Thus at this very moment the country where developing global capitalism is most advanced, the United States, accords Jews and Judaism a freedom that is known nowhere else in the world and that was never known in the past. It is a freedom that is not matched even in Israel ... By contrast, in the Soviet Union, the citadel of anticapitalism, the Jews are cowed by anti-Semitism, threatened by extinction, and barred from access to their God.<ref>Ellis Rivkin, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=MUk1SwAACAAJ The shaping of Jewish history: A radical new interpretation],'' (C. Scribner's Sons, 1971) ISBN 0684132362, p. 240</ref>}}

{{cquote|Since World War II Jews and Judaism have been liberated in every country and territory where capitalism has been restored to vigorous growth&mdash;and this includes Germany. By contrast, wherever anticapitalism or precapitalism has prevailed the status of Jews and Judaism has either undergone deterioration or is highly precarious. Thus at this very moment the country where developing global capitalism is most advanced, the United States, accords Jews and Judaism a freedom that is known nowhere else in the world and that was never known in the past. It is a freedom that is not matched even in Israel ... By contrast, in the Soviet Union, the citadel of anticapitalism, the Jews are cowed by anti-Semitism, threatened by extinction, and barred from access to their God.<ref>Ellis Rivkin, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=MUk1SwAACAAJ The shaping of Jewish history: A radical new interpretation],'' (C. Scribner's Sons, 1971) ISBN 0684132362, p. 240</ref>}}

Likewise, according to Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal, during the Six Day War on Israel in 1967, the East German Communist regime employed former Nazi propagandists to write anti-Israeli propaganda, with the substitution of a few words such as “Israeli” for “Jew” and “progressive forces” for “National Socialism.”<ref>Simon Wiesenthal, ''The Same Language: First for Hitler&mdash;Now for Ulbricht'' (Bonn: Rolf Vogel, Deutschland Berichte, 1968), as cited in Jeffrey Herf, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=yahqnBEEbQEC Divided memory: the Nazi past in the two Germanys]'' (Harvard University Press, 1997) ISBN 0674213033, p. 189</ref> Also in Germany, the Tupamoros-West Berlin, a Communist group headed by Dieter Kunzelmann (who would later become a leader of the Green Party),<ref>Aribert Reimann, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=MGKnrkMmY5cC Dieter Kunzelmann: Avantgardist, Protestler, Radikaler],'' (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2009), ISBN 3525370105, pp. 274-286</ref> attempted to bomb Berlin's Jewish Community Center during a commemoration of the anniversary of ''Kristallnacht'' in 1969.<ref>Walter Laqueur, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=xMGeXXBSY8wC The changing face of antisemitism: from ancient times to the present day]'' (Oxford University Press US, 2006) ISBN 0195304292, p. 147</ref> Meanwhile, Berlin's Red Brigade Faction, another Communist group, was led by Ulrike Meinhof, who stated, "Auschwitz means that six million Jews were murdered and carted on to the rubbish dumps of Europe for being that which was maintained of them&mdash;Money-Jews."<ref>"''Auschwitz heisst, das sechs Millionen Juden ermordet und auf die Müllkippen Europas gekarrt wurden als das, als was man sie ausgab — als Geldjuden.''") Robert S. Wistrich, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=acBtAAAAMAAJ Hitler's apocalypse: Jews and the Nazi legacy]'' (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985) ISBN 0297787195, p. 230</ref> (Another founder of this group, Horst Mahler, was later revealed to have been an [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/01/baader-meinhof-gang-founder-stasi informant for the Stasi], the secret police of Communist East Germany.) The Revolutionary Cells (''Revolutionäre Zellen''), yet another German Communist group, joined with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (a [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/world/africa/27iht-obits.1.9523942.html hard-line Marxist] terrorist group) to hijack an Air France flight to Entebbe, Uganda, where they singled out the Jewish passengers in a plot to murder them.<ref>Stephen E. Atkins, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups]'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004) ISBN 0313324859, p. 277</ref> In 1985, the Palestine Liberation Front, then a [http://www.adl.org/terrorism/symbols/palestinian_liberation_front.asp Communist group], which had hijacked an Italian cruise ship, the MS ''Achille Lauro'', murdered 69-year-old passenger Leon Klinghoffer, an American, shooting him to death and rolling his wheelchair off the deck, dumping his body into the ocean. The PLF singled out Klinghoffer for murder [http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2003-04-17/news/0304161228_1_achille-lauro-abul-abbas-palestinian-authority because he was Jewish]. Finally, the Sandinistas, a [http://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/timeline-nicaragua.php Marxist-Leninist] group that seized control of the government of Nicaragua in 1979, supported a newspaper that proclaimed that "the world's money, banking and finance are in the hands of descendants of Jews ... [C]ontrolling economic power, they control political power as now happens in the United States."<ref>''El Nuevo Diario'', July 17, 1982, as cited in Porfirio R. Solórzano, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=tFwSAQAAIAAJ The Nirex Collection: Nicaraguan Revolution Extracts, Twelve Years, 1978-1990, Vol VII: Of War and Peace]'' [Litex, 1993] ISBN 1877970018)</ref>

Likewise, according to Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal, during the Six Day War on Israel in 1967, the East German Communist regime employed former Nazi propagandists to write anti-Israeli propaganda, with the substitution of a few words such as “Israeli” for “Jew” and “progressive forces” for “National Socialism.”<ref>Simon Wiesenthal, ''The Same Language: First for Hitler&mdash;Now for Ulbricht'' (Bonn: Rolf Vogel, Deutschland Berichte, 1968), as cited in Jeffrey Herf, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=yahqnBEEbQEC Divided memory: the Nazi past in the two Germanys]'' (Harvard University Press, 1997) ISBN 0674213033, p. 189</ref> Also in Germany, the Tupamoros-West Berlin, a Communist group headed by Dieter Kunzelmann (who would later become a leader of the Green Party),<ref>Aribert Reimann, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=MGKnrkMmY5cC Dieter Kunzelmann: Avantgardist, Protestler, Radikaler],'' (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2009), ISBN 3525370105, pp. 274-286</ref> attempted to bomb Berlin's Jewish Community Center during a commemoration of the anniversary of ''Kristallnacht'' in 1969.<ref>Walter Laqueur, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=xMGeXXBSY8wC The changing face of antisemitism: from ancient times to the present day]'' (Oxford University Press US, 2006) ISBN 0195304292, p. 147</ref> Meanwhile, Berlin's Red Brigade Faction, another Communist group, was led by Ulrike Meinhof, who stated, "Auschwitz means that six million Jews were murdered and carted on to the rubbish dumps of Europe for being that which was maintained of them&mdash;Money-Jews."<ref>"''Auschwitz heisst, das sechs Millionen Juden ermordet und auf die Müllkippen Europas gekarrt wurden als das, als was man sie ausgab — als Geldjuden.''") Robert S. Wistrich, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=acBtAAAAMAAJ Hitler's apocalypse: Jews and the Nazi legacy]'' (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985) ISBN 0297787195, p. 230</ref> (Another founder of this group, Horst Mahler, was later revealed to have been an [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/01/baader-meinhof-gang-founder-stasi informant for the Stasi], the secret police of Communist East Germany.) The Revolutionary Cells (''Revolutionäre Zellen''), yet another German Communist group, joined with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (a [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/world/africa/27iht-obits.1.9523942.html hard-line Marxist] terrorist group) to hijack an Air France flight to Entebbe, Uganda, where they singled out the Jewish passengers in a plot to murder them.<ref>Stephen E. Atkins, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups]'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004) ISBN 0313324859, p. 277</ref> In 1985, the Palestine Liberation Front, then a [http://www.adl.org/terrorism/symbols/palestinian_liberation_front.asp Communist group], which had hijacked an Italian cruise ship, the MS ''Achille Lauro'', murdered 69-year-old passenger Leon Klinghoffer, an American, shooting him to death and rolling his wheelchair off the deck, dumping his body into the ocean. The PLF singled out Klinghoffer for murder [http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2003-04-17/news/0304161228_1_achille-lauro-abul-abbas-palestinian-authority because he was Jewish]. Finally, the Sandinistas, a [http://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/timeline-nicaragua.php Marxist-Leninist] group that seized control of the government of Nicaragua in 1979, supported a newspaper that proclaimed that "the world's money, banking and finance are in the hands of descendants of Jews ... [C]ontrolling economic power, they control political power as now happens in the United States."<ref>''El Nuevo Diario'', July 17, 1982, as cited in Porfirio R. Solórzano, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=tFwSAQAAIAAJ The Nirex Collection: Nicaraguan Revolution Extracts, Twelve Years, 1978-1990, Vol VII: Of War and Peace]'' [Litex, 1993] ISBN 1877970018)</ref>

{{cquote|In 1979 many of the country's approximately 250 Jews fled abroad in the face of persecution and imprisonment by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). The FSLN bombed and partially destroyed the country's only synagogue, then confiscated the property shortly afterward and converted it into a youth training camp.<ref>Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2001/5681.htm Nicaragua], Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (U.S. Department of State, 2001). Cf. Elliott Abrams, "[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1079/is_v84/ai_3408623/?tag=content;col1 Persecution and Restrictions of Religion in Nicaragua]," (Transcript), ''Department of State bulletin'', October-December 1984, pp. 49-50</ref>}}

{{cquote|In 1979 many of the country's approximately 250 Jews fled abroad in the face of persecution and imprisonment by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). The FSLN bombed and partially destroyed the country's only synagogue, then confiscated the property shortly afterward and converted it into a youth training camp.<ref>Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2001/5681.htm Nicaragua], Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (U.S. Department of State, 2001). Cf. Elliott Abrams, "[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1079/is_v84/ai_3408623/?tag=content;col1 Persecution and Restrictions of Religion in Nicaragua]," (Transcript), ''Department of State bulletin'', October-December 1984, pp. 49-50</ref>}}

In the 21st century these seeds have festered into full flower, with the embrace of Islamist anti-Semitism by the Left:

In the 21st century these seeds have festered into full flower, with the embrace of Islamist anti-Semitism by the Left:

{{cquote|Although traditional Trotskyite ideology is in no way close to radical Islamic teachings and the shariah, since the radical Islamists also subscribed to anticapitalism, antiglobalism, and anti-Americanism, there seemed to be sufficient common ground for an alliance. Thus, the militants of the far left began to march side by side with the radical Islamists in demonstrations, denouncing American aggression and Israeli crimes. In Britain a new political party named Respect was established, uniting Trotskyites, Stalinists, Muslim Brotherhood militants, and similar groups.<ref>Walter Laquer, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=xMGeXXBSY8wC The changing face of antisemitism: from ancient times to the present day]'' [Oxford University Press US, 2006] ISBN 0195304292, p. 186</ref>}}

{{cquote|Although traditional Trotskyite ideology is in no way close to radical Islamic teachings and the shariah, since the radical Islamists also subscribed to anticapitalism, antiglobalism, and anti-Americanism, there seemed to be sufficient common ground for an alliance. Thus, the militants of the far left began to march side by side with the radical Islamists in demonstrations, denouncing American aggression and Israeli crimes. In Britain a new political party named Respect was established, uniting Trotskyites, Stalinists, Muslim Brotherhood militants, and similar groups.<ref>Walter Laquer, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=xMGeXXBSY8wC The changing face of antisemitism: from ancient times to the present day]'' [Oxford University Press US, 2006] ISBN 0195304292, p. 186</ref>}}

According to the progressive magazine ''Tikkun'', "A.N.S.W.E.R. refuses to acknowledge or support the right of the Jewish people to national self-determination&mdash;though it supports that right for every other group with a history of oppression. When Jews are denied the rights of others, it is a tell-tale sign of anti-Semitism."<ref>"[http://web.archive.org/web/20041019075845/http://www.tikkun.org/magazine/index.cfm/action/tikkun/issue/tik0305/article/030512a.html Authoritarianism and Anti-Semitism in the Anti-War Movement?]," ''Tikkun'', May-June 2003</ref>

According to the progressive magazine ''Tikkun'', "A.N.S.W.E.R. refuses to acknowledge or support the right of the Jewish people to national self-determination&mdash;though it supports that right for every other group with a history of oppression. When Jews are denied the rights of others, it is a tell-tale sign of anti-Semitism."<ref>"[http://web.archive.org/web/20041019075845/http://www.tikkun.org/magazine/index.cfm/action/tikkun/issue/tik0305/article/030512a.html Authoritarianism and Anti-Semitism in the Anti-War Movement?]," ''Tikkun'', May-June 2003</ref>

{{cquote|[L]eftists who despise their own  capitalist societies inevitably come to sympathize with militants&mdash;communists, Tier-mondistes, Islamists, it doesn't make any difference&mdash;who attack those societies from without. Right now, the only corner of the world putting up any sort of serious ideological fight against Western-style capitalism and liberalism is the Muslim Middle East. So, just as the left uncritically swallowed Stalin's propaganda in the 1930s, expect the left to increasingly swallow Arabist propaganda in our own era. And since one of the key elements of Arabist propaganda is a hatred of Israel and a suspicion of Jews, these building blocks of anti-Semitism will become more and more a part of mainstream leftist discourse.<ref>Johnathan Kay, quoted in Jamie Glazov, Symposium: "[http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=19272 Anti-Semitism - the New Call of the Left]," FrontPageMagazine.com, March 14, 2003</ref>}}

{{cquote|[L]eftists who despise their own  capitalist societies inevitably come to sympathize with militants&mdash;communists, Tier-mondistes, Islamists, it doesn't make any difference&mdash;who attack those societies from without. Right now, the only corner of the world putting up any sort of serious ideological fight against Western-style capitalism and liberalism is the Muslim Middle East. So, just as the left uncritically swallowed Stalin's propaganda in the 1930s, expect the left to increasingly swallow Arabist propaganda in our own era. And since one of the key elements of Arabist propaganda is a hatred of Israel and a suspicion of Jews, these building blocks of anti-Semitism will become more and more a part of mainstream leftist discourse.<ref>Johnathan Kay, quoted in Jamie Glazov, Symposium: "[http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=19272 Anti-Semitism - the New Call of the Left]," FrontPageMagazine.com, March 14, 2003</ref>}}

Thus in 2009, the "progressive" webzine Counterpunch.org, edited by Alexander Cockburn, son of Soviet agent<ref>Chapman Pincher, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=netJI5stGlwC Treachery: Betrayals, Blunders, and Cover-ups: Six Decades of Espionage against America and Great Britain]'' (Random House, Inc., 2009) ISBN 140006807X, pp. 43-47</ref> Claud Cockburn, could publish a revival of the "Blood Libel," alleging that Israeli Jews were killing Palestinian Muslims to harvest their organs.<ref>Alison Weir, "[http://www.counterpunch.org/weir08282009.html Israeli Organ Harvesting]," Counterpunch.org, August 28-30, 2009) Cf. David Horowitz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=azE5qoXTgoAC Unholy alliance: radical Islam and the American left]'' (Regnery Publishing, 2004) ISBN 089526076X, p. 148</ref>

Thus in 2009, the "progressive" webzine Counterpunch.org, edited by Alexander Cockburn, son of Soviet agent<ref>Chapman Pincher, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=netJI5stGlwC Treachery: Betrayals, Blunders, and Cover-ups: Six Decades of Espionage against America and Great Britain]'' (Random House, Inc., 2009) ISBN 140006807X, pp. 43-47</ref> Claud Cockburn, could publish a revival of the "Blood Libel," alleging that Israeli Jews were killing Palestinian Muslims to harvest their organs.<ref>Alison Weir, "[http://www.counterpunch.org/weir08282009.html Israeli Organ Harvesting]," Counterpunch.org, August 28-30, 2009) Cf. David Horowitz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=azE5qoXTgoAC Unholy alliance: radical Islam and the American left]'' (Regnery Publishing, 2004) ISBN 089526076X, p. 148</ref> A 2012 survey of 5,847 Jews in the European Union found that more than three out of four said anti-Semitism had increased over the preceding five years, and more respondents blamed perpetrators of the most serious incidents on the political left than the right, according to the EU's Fundamental Rights Agency.<ref>European Union Fundamental Rights Agency, [http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-2013-discrimination-hate-crime-against-jews-eu-member-states_en.pdf Discrimination and hate crime against Jews in EU Member States: experiences and perceptions of anti-Semitism] (Vienna: EU-FRA, 2013) ISBN 978-92-9239-262-8, p. 13</ref>

 

A 2012 survey of 5,847 Jews in the European Union found that more than three out of four said anti-Semitism had increased over the preceding five years, and more respondents blamed perpetrators of the most serious incidents on the political left than the right, according to the EU's Fundamental Rights Agency.<ref>European Union Fundamental Rights Agency, [http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-2013-discrimination-hate-crime-against-jews-eu-member-states_en.pdf Discrimination and hate crime against Jews in EU Member States: experiences and perceptions of anti-Semitism] (Vienna: EU-FRA, 2013) ISBN 978-92-9239-262-8, p. 13</ref>

"[T]he left's anti-Semitism&mdash;which, of course, it never acknowledges and fervently denies&mdash;rather than the right's conventional version of this hatred comprises the key ingredient of anti-Semitism's current European existence."<ref>Andrei S. Markovits, "[http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=3&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=624&PID=0&IID=1754&TTL=%22Twin_Brothers%22:_European_Anti-Semitism_and_Anti-Americanism 'Twin Brothers': European Anti-Semitism and Anti-Americanism]," ''Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism'', No. 6 [January 2006] Institute for Global Jewish Affairs</ref> Antisemitism may be found within much contemporary "antihegemonic, radical, liberal and socialist" discourse, admits David Hirsh of the University of London, who concedes that "antisemitism is a live and virulent threat."<ref>David Hirsh, Book Review: "[http://engageonline.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/book/ Perry and Schweitzer, ''Antisemitic myths: a historical and contemporary anthology'']," ''[http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/01419870.asp Ethnic and Racial Studies]'', Vol. 32, No. 4 (May 2009), pp. 749-750</ref> "[T]he locus of anti-Semitism has moved from the right side of the political spectrum to the left ... These days, the hatemongers targeting Jews’ right to live peacefully spout the mantras of 'social justice' and 'peace studies,' not racial purity."<ref>Jonathan Kay, "[http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2009/03/02/jonathan-kay-on-the-lesson-from-israel-apartheid-week-anti-semitism-is-now-a-creature-of-the-left.aspx The lesson from Israel Apartheid Week: Anti-Semitism is now a creature of the left]," ''National Post'', March 2, 2009</ref>

"[T]he left's anti-Semitism&mdash;which, of course, it never acknowledges and fervently denies&mdash;rather than the right's conventional version of this hatred comprises the key ingredient of anti-Semitism's current European existence."<ref>Andrei S. Markovits, "[http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=3&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=624&PID=0&IID=1754&TTL=%22Twin_Brothers%22:_European_Anti-Semitism_and_Anti-Americanism 'Twin Brothers': European Anti-Semitism and Anti-Americanism]," ''Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism'', No. 6 [January 2006] Institute for Global Jewish Affairs</ref> Antisemitism may be found within much contemporary "antihegemonic, radical, liberal and socialist" discourse, admits David Hirsh of the University of London, who concedes that "antisemitism is a live and virulent threat."<ref>David Hirsh, Book Review: "[http://engageonline.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/book/ Perry and Schweitzer, ''Antisemitic myths: a historical and contemporary anthology'']," ''[http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/01419870.asp Ethnic and Racial Studies]'', Vol. 32, No. 4 (May 2009), pp. 749-750</ref> "[T]he locus of anti-Semitism has moved from the right side of the political spectrum to the left ... These days, the hatemongers targeting Jews’ right to live peacefully spout the mantras of 'social justice' and 'peace studies,' not racial purity."<ref>Jonathan Kay, "[http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2009/03/02/jonathan-kay-on-the-lesson-from-israel-apartheid-week-anti-semitism-is-now-a-creature-of-the-left.aspx The lesson from Israel Apartheid Week: Anti-Semitism is now a creature of the left]," ''National Post'', March 2, 2009</ref>