Changes

Translations may be classified as either conservative or liberal depending on how they present these passages. The [[King James Version]] (1611), the [[New International Version]] (1978) and the [[English Standard Version]] (2001) use ''sensus plenior''. The [[Revised Standard Version]] (1952) and the [[New Revised Standard Version]] (1989) ignored New Testament interpretations and translated Hebrew text from a Jewish perspective.

Translations may be classified as either conservative or liberal depending on how they present these passages. The [[King James Version]] (1611), the [[New International Version]] (1978) and the [[English Standard Version]] (2001) use ''sensus plenior''. The [[Revised Standard Version]] (1952) and the [[New Revised Standard Version]] (1989) ignored New Testament interpretations and translated Hebrew text from a Jewish perspective.

NRSV is the Bible translation preferred in secular and academic study. However, it is rarely used by Christians. Like NRSV, ESV (2001) is a revision of RSV. It was made by Christian scholars for use by Evangelicals.  

NRSV is the Bible translation preferred in secular and academic study, but it is rarely used by Christians. In the chart below, it gives the intentional sense of the Hebrew passage. ESV is also a revision of RSV, but it is intended for use by Evangelicals. Its translations follow traditional Christian understanding. The authors of the New Testament were generally more familiar with the [[Septuagint]], a Greek translation of the Old Testament, than with the Hebrew original.

 

The authors of the New Testament were generally more familiar with the [[Septuagint]], a Greek translation of the Old Testament, than with the Hebrew original.

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|colspan="3"|'''Isaiah 7:14'''||'''Matthew 1:22-23'''

|colspan="3"|'''Isaiah 7:14'''||'''Matthew 1:22-23'''

|-style="background:#E6EAFF;"

|-style="background:#E6EAFF;"

|Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign. Look, '''the young woman''' is with child and shall bear a son, and shall name him Immanuel.<ref>{{bibleverse||Isaiah|7:14|NRSV}}</ref>

|Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign. Look, the young woman is with child and shall bear a son, and shall name him Immanuel.<ref>{{bibleverse||Isaiah|7:14|NRSV}}</ref>

|Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; behold, '''a virgin''' shall conceive in the womb, and shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name Emmanuel.<ref>[http://ecmarsh.com/lxx-kjv/isaiah/isa_007.htm Septuagint Esaias 7:14]</ref>

|Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; behold, a virgin shall conceive in the womb, and shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name Emmanuel.<ref>[http://ecmarsh.com/lxx-kjv/isaiah/isa_007.htm Septuagint Esaias 7:14]</ref>

|Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign. Behold, '''the virgin''' shall conceive and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.<ref>{{bibleverse||Isaiah|7:14|ESV}}</ref>

|Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign. Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.<ref>{{bibleverse||Isaiah|7:14|ESV}}</ref>

|'Behold, '''the virgin''' shall conceive and bear a son, and they shall call his name Immanuel' (which means, God with us).<ref>{{bibleverse||Matthew|1:22-23|ESV}}</ref>

|'Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and they shall call his name Immanuel' (which means, God with us).<ref>{{bibleverse||Matthew|1:22-23|ESV}}</ref>

|-style="background:#CED4F2; text-align:center;"

|-style="background:#CED4F2; text-align:center;"

|colspan="3"|'''Genesis 22:17'''||'''Galatians 3:16'''

|colspan="3"|'''Genesis 22:17'''||'''Galatians 3:16'''

|-style="background:#CED4F2;"

|-style="background:#CED4F2;"

|I will indeed bless you, and I will make your offspring as numerous as the stars of heaven and as the sand that is on the seashore. And your offspring shall possess the gate of their enemies,<ref>{{bibleverse||Genesis|22:17|NRSV}}</ref>

|I will indeed bless you, and I will make your offspring as numerous as the stars of heaven and as the sand that is on the seashore. And your offspring shall possess the gate '''of their enemies,'''<ref>{{bibleverse||Genesis|22:17|NRSV}}</ref>

| surely blessing I will bless thee, and multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars of heaven, and as the sand which is by the shore of the sea, and thy seed shall inherit the cities of their enemies.<ref>[http://ecmarsh.com/lxx-kjv/genesis/gen_022.htm Septuagint Genesis 22:17]</ref>

| surely blessing I will bless thee, and multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars of heaven, and as the sand which is by the shore of the sea, and thy seed shall inherit the cities '''of their enemies'''.<ref>[http://ecmarsh.com/lxx-kjv/genesis/gen_022.htm Septuagint Genesis 22:17]</ref>

| I will surely bless you, and I will surely multiply your offspring as the stars of heaven and as the sand that is on the seashore. And your offspring shall possess the gate of his enemies,<ref>{{bibleverse||Genesis|22:17|ESV}}</ref>

| I will surely bless you, and I will surely multiply your offspring as the stars of heaven and as the sand that is on the seashore. And your offspring shall possess the gate '''of his enemies,'''<ref>{{bibleverse||Genesis|22:17|ESV}}</ref>

|Now the promises were made to Abraham and to his offspring. It does not say, “And to offsprings,” referring to many, but referring to one, “And to your offspring,” who is Christ.<ref>{{bibleverse||Galatians|3:16||ESV}}</ref>

|Now the promises were made to Abraham and to his offspring. It does not say, “And to offsprings,” referring to many, but referring to one, “And to your offspring,” who is Christ.<ref>{{bibleverse||Galatians|3:16||ESV}}</ref>

|-style="background:#E6EAFF; text-align:center;"

|-style="background:#E6EAFF;text-align:center;"

|-style="background:#CED4F2; text-align:center;"

|colspan="3"|'''Psalm 45:6'''||'''Hebrews 1:8-9'''

|colspan="3"|'''Psalm 45:6'''||'''Hebrews 1:8-9'''

|-style="background:#E6EAFF;"

|-style="background:#CED4F2;"

|Your throne, O God, endures forever and ever. Your royal scepter is a scepter of equity;<ref>{{bibleverse||Psalm|45:6|NRSV}}</ref>

|'''Your throne, O God,''' endures forever and ever. Your royal scepter is a scepter of equity;<ref>{{bibleverse||Psalm|45:6|NRSV}}</ref>

|Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: the sceptre of thy kingdom is a sceptre of righteousness.<ref>[http://ecmarsh.com/lxx-kjv/psalms/psalm_045.htm Septuagint Psalm 45:6]</ref>

|'''Thy throne, O God,''' is for ever and ever: the sceptre of thy kingdom is a sceptre of righteousness.<ref>[http://ecmarsh.com/lxx-kjv/psalms/psalm_045.htm Septuagint Psalm 45:6]</ref>

|Your throne, O God, is forever and ever. The scepter of your kingdom is a scepter of uprightness;<ref>{{bibleverse||Psalm|45:6|ESV}}</ref>

|'''Your throne, O God,''' is forever and ever. The scepter of your kingdom is a scepter of uprightness;<ref>{{bibleverse||Psalm|45:6|ESV}}</ref>

|But of the Son he says, “Your throne, O God, is forever and ever, the scepter of uprightness is the scepter of your kingdom. You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness; therefore God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness beyond your companions.”<ref>{{bibleverse||Hebrews|1:8-9|ESV}}</ref>

|But of the Son he says, “Your throne, O God, is forever and ever, the scepter of uprightness is the scepter of your kingdom. You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness; therefore God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness beyond your companions.”<ref>{{bibleverse||Hebrews|1:8-9|ESV}}</ref>

|-

|-

|}

|}

As you can see from the table above, Matthew quoted the version of Isaiah's prophecy given in the Septuagint. In the case of Genesis 22:17, ESV's "gate of his enemies" is a literal translation. The grammar is smoothed over both by NSRV (for Hebrew) and by Brenton (for Greek).<ref>[https://bible.org/article/plain-senses-scripture-questioning-interpretive-singularity-galatians-3-and-romans-4 The Plain Sense(s) of Scripture: Questioning interpretive singularity in Galatians 3 and Romans 4]. Paul puts another spin on this passage in {{bibleverse|Roman|4.13-18|ESV}}.</ref>

As you can see from the table above, Matthew quoted the version of Isaiah's prophecy given in the Septuagint. In the case of Genesis 22:17, ESV's "gate of his enemies" is a literal translation. The grammar is smoothed over both by NSRV (for Hebrew) and by Brenton (for Greek).<ref>[https://bible.org/article/plain-senses-scripture-questioning-interpretive-singularity-galatians-3-and-romans-4 The Plain Sense(s) of Scripture: Questioning interpretive singularity in Galatians 3 and Romans 4].</ref>

The human author of Psalms intended "O God" as a deification of the king. Paul interprets it as a reference to Jesus. RSV translated this passage as "Your divine throne endures for ever and ever."<ref>{{bibleverse||Psalm|45:6|ESV}}</ref> Both NRSV and ESV restore the traditional translation.

The human author of Psalms intended "O God" as a deification of the king. Paul interprets it as a reference to Jesus. RSV translated this passage as, "Your divine throne endures for ever and ever."<ref>{{bibleverse||Psalm|45:6|ESV}}</ref> This applies a modern Jewish perspective in which no human is deified. Both NRSV and ESV restore the traditional Christian translation.

==References==

==References==

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