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Line 49: − Recent observations made by the Hubble Space Telescope suggest that Ceres might be very rich in [[water]] ice. Specifically, astronomers have concluded that Ceres has a layered interior, with a rocky inner core, a thick layer of water ice, and a dusty outer crust. McFadden specifically says that Ceres is an "embryonic planet," one that (according to evolutionary theory) tried to form a planet but could not because [[Jupiter]], being so close, so perturbed the local gravitational field that Ceres could not grow any larger than it is.<ref>Carey, Bjorn. "[http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/050907_ceres_planet.html Largest Asteroid Might Contain More Fresh Water than Earth]." ''Space.com'', September 7, 2005. Accessed January 22, 2008.</ref><ref>"[http://planetary.org/explore/topics/asteroids_and_comets/ceres.html Asteroid 1 Ceres]." ''The Planetary Society''. Accessed January 22, 2008.</ref> Findings supporting the water-ice theory include:+ − + + + + +
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== Composition ==
== Composition ==
In 2005, observations made by the Hubble Space Telescope suggest that Ceres might be very rich in [[water]] ice. Specifically, astronomers have concluded that Ceres has a layered interior, with a rocky inner core, a thick layer of water ice, and a dusty outer crust. McFadden speculated that Ceres was an "embryonic planet," one that (according to evolutionary theory) tried to form a planet but could not because [[Jupiter]], being so close, so perturbed the local gravitational field that Ceres could not grow any larger than it is.<ref>Carey, Bjorn. "[http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/050907_ceres_planet.html Largest Asteroid Might Contain More Fresh Water than Earth]." ''Space.com'', September 7, 2005. Accessed January 22, 2008.</ref><ref>"[http://planetary.org/explore/topics/asteroids_and_comets/ceres.html Asteroid 1 Ceres]." ''The Planetary Society''. Accessed January 22, 2008.</ref> Findings supporting the water-ice theory include:
# Most objects having hydrostatic-equilibrium or round shape have differentiated, or layered, interiors.
# Most objects having hydrostatic-equilibrium or round shape have differentiated, or layered, interiors.
# Spectrography of the surface shows evidence of water-bearing minerals.
# Spectrography of the surface shows evidence of water-bearing minerals.
Parker and his colleagues speculate that Ceres might be composed of 25% water and thus have more fresh water than in all the fresh-water sources on [[earth]].<ref>Parker, Joel William, Thomas, Peter C., McFadden, Lucy A., Mutchler, M., and Levay, Z. "[http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/27/ Largest Asteroid May Be 'Mini-Planet' with Water Ice]." ''The Hubble Site'', September 7, 2005. Accessed January 22, 2008.</ref>
Parker and his colleagues speculated that Ceres might be composed of 25% water and thus have more fresh water than in all the fresh-water sources on [[earth]].<ref>Parker, Joel William, Thomas, Peter C., McFadden, Lucy A., Mutchler, M., and Levay, Z. "[http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/27/ Largest Asteroid May Be 'Mini-Planet' with Water Ice]." ''The Hubble Site'', September 7, 2005. Accessed January 22, 2008.</ref>
On January 23, 2014, came confirmation of this abundance of water. Küppers ''et al.'' reported on observations from the Herschel space telescope, of water vapor gushing out from two discrete locations on the surface of Ceres, at the prodigious rate of 10<sup>26</sup> molecules, or thirteen ''pounds'', per second.<ref name=Küppers>Küppers M, O'Rourke L., Bockelëe-Morvan D, ''et al.'', "[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v505/n7484/full/nature12918.html Localized sources of water vapour on the dwarf planet (1) Ceres]," ''Nature'', 505, 525–527 (23 January 2014). Retrieved 25 January 2014.</ref>
Walter T. Brown, originator of the [[Hydroplate Theory]] of the [[Great Flood]], claimed immediate vindication. In his book ''In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood,'' he had confidently predicted:{{cqupte|A deep, penetrating impact on a large asteroid, such as Ceres, will release huge volumes of water vapor.}}<ref name=examiner>Hurlbut TA, "[http://www.examiner.com/article/ceres-water-find-vindicates-creation Ceres water find vindicates creation]," ''Creationism Examiner'', January 25, 2014. See also at [http://www.conservativenewsandviews.com/2014/01/25/creation/ceres-water-find-vindicates-creation/ Conservative News and Views] and [http://creationsciencehalloffame.org/2014/01/25/astronomy-2/space/ceres-water-find-vindicates-creation/ The Creation Science Hall of Fame].</ref>
== Satellites ==
== Satellites ==