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Line 30: − Nation-building took a backseat to war with Japan in 1937–1945. When Nanjing was captured in 1937, a notorious massacre followed. Japan occupied the coastal areas and cut off China's access to seaports, while the Nationalists retreated to Chongqing. A puppet state led by Wang was set up in Nanjing. The Chinese cause received much sympathetic attention in the U.S. press, and the [[Flying Tigers]], an aviation squadron, was lionized. So was Chiang's wife, first lady Song Meiling, a U.S.-educated Christian. The Burma Road, and later the Ledo Road, were built to allow US "lend-lease" aid to reach the Chinese army. The Nationalists' Y Force drove back the Japanese in Yunnan during a May–June 1944 offensive, but otherwise military results were disappointing.+
→The Sino-Japanese War: 1937-1945: the second united front.
====The Sino-Japanese War: 1937-1945====
====The Sino-Japanese War: 1937-1945====
A long campaign of assassination and coup attempts by ultranationalist junior officers left the Japanese leadership cowed by 1936. In March, a government was formed to implement the ultranationist agenda. It purged the army of moderates in April, boosted the military budget, and began to prepare for war with China. In response, the Nationalists and the Communists formed a "Second United Front" in December. All the same, China was ill-prepared when the Japanese finally launched their offensive in July 1937. Japan quickly overran a vast coastal area and cut off China's access to seaports. The Nationalists retreated to Chongqing in the southwest, the Communists to Yan'an in the northwest. A puppet state led by Wang was set up in Nanjing. The Chinese cause received much sympathetic attention in the U.S. press, and the [[Flying Tigers]], an aviation squadron, was lionized. So was Chiang's wife, first lady Song Meiling, a U.S.-educated Christian. The Burma Road, and later the Ledo Road, were built to allow US "lend-lease" aid to reach the Chinese army. The Nationalists' Y Force drove back the Japanese in Yunnan during a May–June 1944 offensive, but otherwise military results were disappointing.
====Chinese Civil War: 1946-1949====
====Chinese Civil War: 1946-1949====