Changes

'''Apartheid''' (meaning ''separateness'' in [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]]), was a social, economic and political policy of racial [[segregation]] which was enforced by white minority governments in [[South Africa]] from 1948 until June 17 1991 when the final Apartheid laws were abolished in Parliament.   

'''Apartheid''' (meaning ''separateness'' in [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]]), was a social, economic and political policy of racial [[segregation]] which was enforced by white minority governments in [[South Africa]] from 1948 until June 17 1991 when the final Apartheid laws were abolished in Parliament.   

==Verwoerd and the Bantustans==

==Verwoerd and the Bantustans==

Laws passed in 1950 forced a separation of non-whites from whites in South African society.  The first, the ''Population Registration Act'', had people register with a racial classification board to determine "officially" if they belonged to one of four racial groups: White, African, or Coloured (the later split into Coloured and Indian). The second, the Group Areas Act, was the enforced relocation of non-whites into designated urban areas; to compel these people into the new "townships", which were in essence little more than shanty towns. The government ordered the bulldozing of once-vibrant mixed-race communities; the non-white inhabitants, especially the Africans, were ordered to carry passbooks to go from place to place in white areas. [http://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/unit.php?id=5&page=2] Likewise, whites were ordered to relocate from the areas which they settled, that historically belonged to blacks.

Laws passed in 1950 forced a separation of non-whites from whites in South African society.  The first, the ''Population Registration Act'', had people register with a racial classification board to determine "officially" if they belonged to one of four racial groups: White, African, or Coloured (the later split into Coloured and Indian). The second, the Group Areas Act, was the enforced relocation of non-whites into designated urban areas; to compel these people into the new "townships", which were in essence little more than shanty towns. The government ordered the bulldozing of once-vibrant mixed-race communities; the non-white inhabitants, especially the Africans, were ordered to carry passbooks to go from place to place in white areas. <ref>[http://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/unit.php?id=5&page=2]</ref> Likewise, whites were ordered to relocate from the areas which they settled, that historically belonged to blacks.

    

    

Dr. [[Hendrik F. Verwoerd]], Prime Minister of South Africa from 1957 until 1966, designed a system that expanded the scope and impact of apartheid.  Blacks were given a limited education which guaranteed them menial job opportunities as opposed to Whites [http://www.stanford.edu/~jbaugh/saw/Chloe_Bantu_Education.html].  The ''Reservation of Separate Amenities Act'', passed in 1953, ordered the segregation of blacks at all public facilities, including post offices, public transportation, beaches, sports venues, parks, toilets, and even cemeteries. [http://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/unit.php?id=5&page=2]  

Dr. [[Hendrik F. Verwoerd]], Prime Minister of South Africa from 1957 until 1966, designed a system that expanded the scope and impact of apartheid.  Blacks were given a limited education which guaranteed them menial job opportunities as opposed to Whites [http://www.stanford.edu/~jbaugh/saw/Chloe_Bantu_Education.html].  The ''Reservation of Separate Amenities Act'', passed in 1953, ordered the segregation of blacks at all public facilities, including post offices, public transportation, beaches, sports venues, parks, toilets, and even cemeteries.<ref>[http://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/unit.php?id=5&page=2]</ref>

:''"There is no place for him [the African] in the European community above the level of certain forms of labor. Within his own community, however, all doors are open. For that reason it is to no avail for him to receive a training which has as its aim absorption in the European community, where he cannot be absorbed."'' Hendrik F. Verwoerd (1954) [http://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/unit.php?id=5]

:''"There is no place for him [the African] in the European community above the level of certain forms of labor. Within his own community, however, all doors are open. For that reason it is to no avail for him to receive a training which has as its aim absorption in the European community, where he cannot be absorbed."'' Hendrik F. Verwoerd (1954) <ref>[http://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/unit.php?id=5]</ref>

Verwoerd had also insisted, and succeeded in getting, limited self-administration in the black reservations (called "homelands") of the Transkei, Ciskei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, Ganzankulu, KwaNdebele, KwaZulu, [[Lebowa]], and QwaQwa, which meant they were semi-autonomous.  This had also meant that the homelands were now responsible for their own societal and economic problems. 'Africans' were denied citizenship and were instead granted full voting rights in several 'homelands' or bantustans. [http://www.suedafrika.net/history/eh_apart2.htm]

Verwoerd had also insisted, and succeeded in getting, limited self-administration in the black reservations (called "homelands") of the Transkei, Ciskei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, Ganzankulu, KwaNdebele, KwaZulu, [[Lebowa]], and QwaQwa, which meant they were semi-autonomous.  This had also meant that the homelands were now responsible for their own societal and economic problems. 'Africans' were denied citizenship and were instead granted full voting rights in several 'homelands' or bantustans.<ref>[http://www.suedafrika.net/history/eh_apart2.htm]</ref>

==Independence of four Bantustans==

==Independence of four Bantustans==

Between 1986 and 1994 some 10,000 IFP members were murdered by ANC supporters, many in a brutal fashion, the practice of "necklacing" was very popular amongst ANC members. Necklacing entailed placing a petrol-filled tire around the neck of a victim and then setting it alight.

Between 1986 and 1994 some 10,000 IFP members were murdered by ANC supporters, many in a brutal fashion, the practice of "necklacing" was very popular amongst ANC members. Necklacing entailed placing a petrol-filled tire around the neck of a victim and then setting it alight.

 

Since the abolition of apartheid due to changes demanded by [[liberal]] outsiders South Africa has struggled as a society.

Since the abolition of apartheid due to changes demanded by [[liberal]] outsiders South Africa has struggled as a society [http://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk%3AMain_Page&action=historysubmit&diff=1070795&oldid=1070781].

==References==

==References==