Changes

====Peace offensive====

====Peace offensive====

Two days previously, Wallace and Oppenheimer had attended a meeting at [[Washington, DC|Washington]]'s Statler Hotel<ref>Less that four months before, this very hotel was the scene of FBI surveillance recording [[State Department]] official [[John Stewart Service]] handing off "a document which dealt with matters the Chinese had furnished to the United States government in confidence" (Report of the United States Senate Subcommittee on the Investigation of Loyalty of State Department Employees, 1950, Vol. 2, appendix, p. 2051) to the secret [[Communist]] [[Philip Jaffe]]. Philip Jaffe, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=YTUPGQAACAAJ The Amerasia Case from 1945 to the Present]'' (New York: Philip J. Jaffe, 1979), p. 1</ref> with [[Leo Szilard|Szilard]], [[Enrico Fermi|Fermi]], Edward U. Condon,<ref>Condon, a classmate of Oppenheimer's at Göttingen, was among those (along with [[Alger Hiss]]) who would be named by Deputy Assistant Secretary of State J. Anthony Panuch, in charge of security, the following year as part of “an enormous espionage ring in Washington” seeking to make information about the use of “atomic energy... as an instrument of war... available to the Soviet Union” (Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Secrecy: the American Experience [New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999] ISBN 0300080794, pp. 68-69). Condon was such a blatant security risk that Gen. [[Leslie Groves]]&mdash;who considered Oppenheimer an acceptable risk&mdash;would kick him out of the [[Manhattan Project]] after just six weeks. M. Stanton Evans, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=vz42rDYmf3wC Blacklisted by History: The Untold Story of Senator Joe McCarthy and His Fight Against America's Enemies]'' (New York: Crown Forum, 2007), ISBN 978-1-4000-8105-9, pp. 325-326</ref> Harlow Shapley,<ref>Shapely, a member of at least 20 [[Communist front]]s (Louis Francis Budenz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=IkqboMAiCkkC The Techniques of Communism]'' [New York: Ayer Publishing, 1977] ISBN 0405099428, p. 239), was the object of praise from no less an authority than [[CPUSA]] General Secretary [[William Z. Foster]]. William Z. Foster, "The Communist Party and the Professionals," ''The Communist'', No. 17 (September 1938), pp. 805-809</ref> and others. "The scientists presented in very vigorous terms the peril in which the United States now finds herself... chiefly... the threat to peace," wrote Wallace. "Oppenheimer said he very much wanted to see me and I made arrangements..."<ref>Henry Agard Wallace (John Morton Blum, ed.), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Ua2sAAAAIAAJ The Price of Vision: The Diary of Henry A. Wallace, 1942-1946]'' (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1973) ISBN 0395171210, pp. 493-494</ref> At their meeting two days later, wrote Wallace:

Two days previously, Wallace and Oppenheimer had attended a meeting at [[Washington, DC|Washington]]'s Statler Hotel<ref>Less than four months before, this very hotel was the scene of FBI surveillance recording [[State Department]] official [[John Stewart Service]] handing off "a document which dealt with matters the Chinese had furnished to the United States government in confidence" (Report of the United States Senate Subcommittee on the Investigation of Loyalty of State Department Employees, 1950, Vol. 2, appendix, p. 2051) to the secret [[Communist]] [[Philip Jaffe]]. Philip Jaffe, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=YTUPGQAACAAJ The Amerasia Case from 1945 to the Present]'' (New York: Philip J. Jaffe, 1979), p. 1</ref> with [[Leo Szilard|Szilard]], [[Enrico Fermi|Fermi]], Edward U. Condon,<ref>Condon, a classmate of Oppenheimer's at Göttingen, was among those (along with [[Alger Hiss]]) who would be named by Deputy Assistant Secretary of State J. Anthony Panuch, in charge of security, the following year as part of “an enormous espionage ring in Washington” seeking to make information about the use of “atomic energy... as an instrument of war... available to the Soviet Union” (Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Secrecy: the American Experience [New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999] ISBN 0300080794, pp. 68-69). Condon was such a blatant security risk that Gen. [[Leslie Groves]]&mdash;who considered Oppenheimer an acceptable risk&mdash;would kick him out of the [[Manhattan Project]] after just six weeks. M. Stanton Evans, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=vz42rDYmf3wC Blacklisted by History: The Untold Story of Senator Joe McCarthy and His Fight Against America's Enemies]'' (New York: Crown Forum, 2007), ISBN 978-1-4000-8105-9, pp. 325-326</ref> Harlow Shapley,<ref>Shapely, a member of at least 20 [[Communist front]]s (Louis Francis Budenz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=IkqboMAiCkkC The Techniques of Communism]'' [New York: Ayer Publishing, 1977] ISBN 0405099428, p. 239), was the object of praise from no less an authority than [[CPUSA]] General Secretary [[William Z. Foster]]. William Z. Foster, "The Communist Party and the Professionals," ''The Communist'', No. 17 (September 1938), pp. 805-809</ref> and others. "The scientists presented in very vigorous terms the peril in which the United States now finds herself... chiefly... the threat to peace," wrote Wallace. "Oppenheimer said he very much wanted to see me and I made arrangements..."<ref>Henry Agard Wallace (John Morton Blum, ed.), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Ua2sAAAAIAAJ The Price of Vision: The Diary of Henry A. Wallace, 1942-1946]'' (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1973) ISBN 0395171210, pp. 493-494</ref> At their meeting two days later, wrote Wallace:

{{cquote|I never saw a man in such an extremely nervous state as Oppenheimer. He seemed to feel that the destruction of the entire human race was imminent... He has been in charge of the scientists in New Mexico and says... that all they think about now are the social and economic implications of the bomb... He wanted to know if I thought it would do any good for him to see the President. I said yes, and he is going to try to get either Secretary Patterson<ref>Robert P. Patterson was then Secretary of War.</ref> or Senator Kilgore<ref>Senator Harley M. Kilgore (D-WV) accused U.S. "military government officials" in occupied Germany of putting "our national security and the security of our allies... in jeopardy" for "private and selfish ends," due to "their connections with industrial and financial enterprises which had close pre-war ties with the Nazis." Howard Watson Armbruster, ''[http://ia600404.us.archive.org/10/items/treasonspeaceger00ambrrich/treasonspeaceger00ambrrich.pdf Treason's Peace: German Dyes & American Dupes]'' (New York: Beechhurst Press, 1947), p. 401</ref> to make an appointment for him.<ref>Henry Agard Wallace (John Morton Blum, ed.), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Ua2sAAAAIAAJ The Price of Vision: The Diary of Henry A. Wallace, 1942-1946]'' (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1973) ISBN 0395171210, pp. 496-497</ref>}}

{{cquote|I never saw a man in such an extremely nervous state as Oppenheimer. He seemed to feel that the destruction of the entire human race was imminent... He has been in charge of the scientists in New Mexico and says... that all they think about now are the social and economic implications of the bomb... He wanted to know if I thought it would do any good for him to see the President. I said yes, and he is going to try to get either Secretary Patterson<ref>Robert P. Patterson was then Secretary of War.</ref> or Senator Kilgore<ref>Senator Harley M. Kilgore (D-WV) accused U.S. "military government officials" in occupied Germany of putting "our national security and the security of our allies... in jeopardy" for "private and selfish ends," due to "their connections with industrial and financial enterprises which had close pre-war ties with the Nazis." Howard Watson Armbruster, ''[http://ia600404.us.archive.org/10/items/treasonspeaceger00ambrrich/treasonspeaceger00ambrrich.pdf Treason's Peace: German Dyes & American Dupes]'' (New York: Beechhurst Press, 1947), p. 401</ref> to make an appointment for him.<ref>Henry Agard Wallace (John Morton Blum, ed.), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Ua2sAAAAIAAJ The Price of Vision: The Diary of Henry A. Wallace, 1942-1946]'' (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1973) ISBN 0395171210, pp. 496-497</ref>}}

Within a week, Oppenheimer met with Truman at the [[White House]]. Oppenheimer urged the President to surrender the U.S. nuclear monopoly to international control. Truman was outraged, telling [[Secretary of State]] [[Dean Acheson]], "I don't want to see that son-of-a-bitch in this office ever again."<ref>[[#refBird-Sherwin|Bird, Sherwin 2006]]: 331-332</ref>

Within a week, Oppenheimer met with Truman at the [[White House]]. Oppenheimer urged the President to surrender the U.S. nuclear monopoly to international control. Truman was outraged, telling [[Secretary of State]] [[Dean Acheson]], "I don't want to see that son-of-a-bitch in this office ever again."<ref>[[#refBird-Sherwin|Bird, Sherwin 2006]]: 331-332</ref>