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== Normative ethics ==

== Normative ethics ==

Some of the major positions in normative ethics include:

Some of the major positions in normative ethics include:

*'''consequentialism''', which calls an act good if it produces good consequences. The most famous version is '''utilitarianism''', which believes that the good is whatever leads to the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. Some versions of utilitarianism are purely hedonistic, seeking whatever will cause the most pleasure; others are more discerning, as exemplified by J.S. Mill's famous words "Better to be Socrates dissatisified, than a pig satisified". Other versions include:

*'''consequentialism''', which calls an act good if it produces good consequences. The most famous version is '''utilitarianism''', which believes that the good is whatever leads to the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. Some versions of utilitarianism are purely [[hedonism|hedonistic]], seeking whatever will cause the most pleasure; others are more discerning, as exemplified by J.S. Mill's famous words "Better to be Socrates dissatisified, than a pig satisified". Other versions include:

**'''preference utilitarianism''' seeks to fulfill as many people's desires as possible, and treats everyone's desires equally

**'''preference utilitarianism''' seeks to fulfill as many people's desires as possible, and treats everyone's desires equally

**'''act utilitarianism''' judges each act individually for whether it has the best consequences

**'''act utilitarianism''' judges each act individually for whether it has the best consequences