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Diacritic (view source)

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#REDIRECT [[Diacritical mark]]
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A '''diacritic''' is a mark near or through a character that changes its phonetic value or significance. For example, the word "résumé" has diacritics above the letter ''e''. Diacritics are much more common in various European language than they are in English.
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Here are some examples of common diacritics:
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* [[Acute accent]] ('''é''') - The acute accent is a symbol placed over a vowel in some languages, especially [[French]] and [[Italian]].v
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* [[Circumflex]] ('''^''') - An accent placed over a vowel in some languages, especially [[French]] and [[Afrikaans]].
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* [[Grave accent]] ('''è''') - An accent placed over a vowel in some languages, especially [[French]], [[Italian]] and [[Vietnamese]].
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* [[Umlaut]] (or [[trema]]) ('''ü''') - An accent, represented by two dots above the vowel, used in some languages, especially [[German]] and [[Afrikaans]] and Nordic languages like [[Swedish]] and [[Finnish]].
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==Should you use it?==
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The major American style guides recommend that writers follow the spelling given by the Merriam-Webster dictionaries, with ''The Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary'' considered as authoritative. This dictionary has sections on biographic and geographic names that address the question of which diacritics should be used in English-language writing. Generally speaking, better known names are spelled without diacritics while lesser known names are spelled in the manner of the original language. Diacritics are not normally used for sport figures or for Vietnamese names. Each case should be checked separately in an appropriate reference work.
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{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
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|-
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! colspan= "2"|Merriam-Webster
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! rowspan="2" |American Heritage<ref name=AmHer>''[http://ahdictionary.com/ American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]''</ref>
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! rowspan="2" |Oxford<ref name=Oxford>[http://oxforddictionaries.com Oxford Dictionaries]</ref>
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! rowspan="2" |Webster’s New World<ref name=WNW>''[http://websters.yourdictionary.com/ Webster’s New World College Dictionary]''</ref>
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! rowspan="2" |Random House<ref>''[http://dictionary.reference.com Random House Dictionary]''</ref>
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! colspan= "2" |Encyclopedias
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|-
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! Collegiate<ref name=Collegiate>''[http://www.merriam-webster.com/ Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary]''</ref>
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! Biographical<ref>''Merriam-Webster Biographical Dictionary'' (1995)</ref>
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! Britannica<ref name=Britannica>''[http://www.britannica.com/ Encyclopædia Britannica]''</ref>
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! Columbia<ref name=Columbia>[http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/ Columbia Encyclopedia]</ref>
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|-
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Be•neš''', Edvard
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Be•neš''', Edvard
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Be•neš, Eduard'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Beneš, Edvard'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Beneš, Edvard'''
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| style="background:#dfffdf;"|'''Be·neš, Ed·u·ard'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Edvard Beneš'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Eduard Beneš'''
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|-
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Koś•ciusz•ko''', Tadeusz Andrzei Bonawentura
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Koś•ciusz•ko''', Tadeusz Andrzei Bonawentura
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Kos•ci•uśz•ko''' or '''Kos•ci•us•ko, Thaddeus'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Kosciusko, Thaddeus'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Kosciusko''', Thaddeus
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| style="background:#dfffdf;"|'''Kos·ci·us·ko, Thaddeus'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Tadeusz Kościuszko'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Thaddeus Kosciusko'''
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|-
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Mit•ter•rand''', François (-Maurice)
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|N/A
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Mit•ter•rand, François Maurice'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Mitterrand, François'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Mitterrand, François (Maurice)'''
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| style="background:#dfffdf;"|'''Mit·ter·rand, Fran·çois (Mau·rice Ma·rie)'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''François Mitterrand'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''François Maurice Mitterrand'''
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|-
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|N/A
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Ngo Quyen'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|N/A
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|N/A
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|N/A
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| style="background:#dfffdf;"|N/A
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Ngo Quyen'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|N/A
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|-
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;" |'''Tō•jō''' Hideki
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;" |'''Tōjō''' Hideki
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''To•jo, Hideki'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;" |'''Tojo, Hideki'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;" |'''Tojo, Hideki'''
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| style="background:#dfffdf;"|'''To·jo, Hi·de·ki'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;" |'''Tōjō Hideki'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;" |'''Tōjō Hideki'''
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|-
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;" |N/A
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;" |'''Vö•rös•marty,''' Mihály
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;" |N/A
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;" |N/A
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;" |N/A
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| style="background:#dfffdf;" |N/A
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;" |'''Mihály Vörösmarty'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;" |'''Mihály Vörösmarty'''
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|-
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|}
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The U.S. Board on Geographic Names sets U.S. government usage in geography. The atlases and gazetteers generally get the names they use from BGN, although they may adjust them to fit their house styles. The “conventional” name is the name BGN deems suitable for English language usage. The “approved” name is the official name in the local language (or official Romanization if the local script is non-Latin).
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{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
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|-
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! colspan="2" |Merriam-Webster
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! rowspan="2" |American Heritage<ref name="AmHer" />
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! rowspan="2" |Oxford<ref name="Oxford" />
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! rowspan="2" |Webster’s New World<ref name="WNW" />
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! colspan= "2" |Encyclopedias
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! colspan="2"  |U.S. Board on Geographic Names<ref>[http://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ U.S. Board on Geographic Names]</ref>
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|-
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! Collegiate<ref name="Collegiate" />
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! Geographical<ref>''[http://books.google.com.vn/books?hl=vi&id=Co_VIPIJerIC&q= Merriam-Webster Geographical Dictionary]'' (1997)</ref>
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! Britannica<ref name="Britannica" />
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! Columbia<ref name="Columbia" />
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! Conventional
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! Approved
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|-
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Is•tan•bul'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''İs•tan•bul'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Is•tan•bul'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Istanbul'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Istanbul'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Istanbul'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Istanbul'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|N/A
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''İstanbul'''
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|-
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Jy•vas•ky•la'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Jy•väs•ky•lä'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|N/A
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Jyväskylä'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|N/A
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Jyväskylä'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Jyväskylä'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|N/A
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Jyväskylä'''
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|-
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Lü•beck'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Lü•beck'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Lü•beck'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Lübeck'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Lü•beck'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Lübeck'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Lübeck'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|N/A
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Lübeck'''
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|-
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Plo•iesti''' ''or'' '''Plo•esti'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Plo•ieş•ti''' ''or'' '''Plo•eş•ti'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Plo•ieş•ti''' or '''Plo•eş•ti'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Ploieşti'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Plo•ieş•ti''' or '''Plo•eş•ti''''''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Ploieşti'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Ploieşti'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|N/A
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Ploiești'''
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|-
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Zu•rich'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Zü•rich'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Zu•rich
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Zurich'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Zurich'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Zürich'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Zürich'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|N/A
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Zürich'''
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|-
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! colspan="10"| Vietnamese towns
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|-
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Ho Chi Minh City'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Ho Chi Minh City'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Ho Chi Minh City''' <small>Formerly</small> '''Saigon'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Ho Chi Minh City'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Ho Chi Minh City'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Ho Chi Minh City'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Ho Chi Minh City'''
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|style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Ho Chi Minh City'''
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|style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh'''
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|-
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Ha·noi'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Ha·noi'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Hanoi'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Hanoi'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Hanoi'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Hanoi'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Hanoi'''
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|style="background:#FFFFA0;"|N/A
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|style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Hà Nội'''
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|-
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Hai·phong'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Hai·phong'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Haiphong'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Haiphong'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Haiphong'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Haiphong'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Haiphong'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|N/A
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|style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Hải Phòng'''
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|-
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Hue'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Hue''' ''or'' '''Hué'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Hue'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Hué'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Hue'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Hue'''
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| style="background:#E0FFFF;"|'''Hue'''
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|N/A
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| style="background:#FFFFA0;"|'''Huế'''
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|}
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==References==
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<references/>
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[[Category:Grammar]][[Category:Linguistics]]
PeterKa
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