Changes

The Supreme Court, by a wide margin, established that challenges under the Origination Clause are fully justiciable.  United States v. Munoz-Flores, 495 U.S. 385, 396 (1990).  In so doing it overruled a prior Fifth Circuit precedent to the contrary: ''See Texas Assn. of Concerned Taxpayers, Inc. v. United States'', 772 F. 2d 163 (5th Cir. 1985) (holding that an Origination Clause challenge to the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 presented a nonjusticiable political question).

The Supreme Court, by a wide margin, established that challenges under the Origination Clause are fully justiciable.  United States v. Munoz-Flores, 495 U.S. 385, 396 (1990).  In so doing it overruled a prior Fifth Circuit precedent to the contrary: ''See Texas Assn. of Concerned Taxpayers, Inc. v. United States'', 772 F. 2d 163 (5th Cir. 1985) (holding that an Origination Clause challenge to the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 presented a nonjusticiable political question).

Numerous other decisions, other than the foregoing solitary Fifth Circuit ruling, had been in accord that lawsuits based on the Origination Clause are justiciable.  ''See, e.g.'', Armstrong v. United States, 759 F.2d 1378, 1381-1382 (9th Cir. 1985); ''Wardell v. United States'', 757 F.2d 203 (8th Cir. 1985) (per curiam); Heitman v. United States, 753 F.2d 33 (6th Cir. 1984) (per curiam). ''Cf.'' ''Flint v. Stone Tracy Co.'', 220 U.S. 107, 142-143 (1911).

Numerous other decisions, other than the foregoing solitary Fifth Circuit ruling, had been in accord that lawsuits based on the Origination Clause are justiciable.  ''See, e.g.'', ''Armstrong v. United States'', 759 F.2d 1378, 1381-1382 (9th Cir. 1985); ''Wardell v. United States'', 757 F.2d 203 (8th Cir. 1985) (per curiam); ''Heitman v. United States'', 753 F.2d 33 (6th Cir. 1984) (per curiam). ''Cf.'' ''Flint v. Stone Tracy Co.'', 220 U.S. 107, 142-143 (1911).

== Supreme Court Rulings ==

== Supreme Court Rulings ==