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Major branches of natural philosophy include [[astronomy]] and [[cosmology]], the study of nature on the grand scale;  [[etiology]], the study of (intrinsic and sometimes extrinsic) [[cause]]s; the study of [[chance]], probability and randomness; the study of [[chemical element|element]]s; the study of the [[Infinity|infinite]] and the unlimited (virtual or actual); the study of [[matter]]; [[mechanics]], the study of translation of motion and change; the study of [[nature]] or the various sources of actions; the study of natural [[quality|qualities]]; the study of physical [[quantity|quantities]]; the study of relations between physical entities; and the philosophy of [[space]] and [[time]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Adler|first=Mortimer J.|authorlink=Mortimer Adler|title=The Four Dimensions of Philosophy:  Metaphysical, Moral, Objective, Categorical|publisher=Macmillan|year=1993|isbn=0-02-500574-X}}</ref>

Major branches of natural philosophy include [[astronomy]] and [[cosmology]], the study of nature on the grand scale;  [[etiology]], the study of (intrinsic and sometimes extrinsic) [[cause]]s; the study of [[chance]], probability and randomness; the study of [[chemical element|element]]s; the study of the [[Infinity|infinite]] and the unlimited (virtual or actual); the study of [[matter]]; [[mechanics]], the study of translation of motion and change; the study of [[nature]] or the various sources of actions; the study of natural [[quality|qualities]]; the study of physical [[quantity|quantities]]; the study of relations between physical entities; and the philosophy of [[space]] and [[time]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Adler|first=Mortimer J.|authorlink=Mortimer Adler|title=The Four Dimensions of Philosophy:  Metaphysical, Moral, Objective, Categorical|publisher=Macmillan|year=1993|isbn=0-02-500574-X}}</ref>

The scope of natural philosophy is commonly extended to the plant and animal kingdom.  Under which are studied [[life]] and [[death]] as well as nutrition and disease (though not the arts of medicine themselves), generation and habitations for various life forms; the nature of various [[animal]]s and their [[desire]]s and contentment, pleasure and pain, sense, [[emotion]]s, good and bad [[habit]]s and their acquired and innate [[knowledge]], memory and imagination and estimative powers; their various social arrangements; and arguments for and against different aspects of [[speciation]] as well as what might be called the process of "devolution", or the loss of power to generate variety in offspring down from common ancestors.

The scope of natural philosophy is commonly extended to the plant and animal kingdom.  Under which are studied [[life]] and [[death]] as well as nutrition and disease (though not the arts of medicine themselves), generation and habitations for various life forms; the nature of various [[animal]]s and their [[desire]]s and contentment, pleasure and pain, sense, [[emotion]]s, good and bad [[habit]]s and their acquired and innate [[knowledge]], memory and imagination and estimative powers; their various social arrangements; and arguments for and against different aspects of [[speciation]].

==Natural philosophy and science==

==Natural philosophy and science==