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''See also:'' [[Atheism and intelligence]] and [[Atheism and the theory of multiple intelligences|Atheism and Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences]] and [[Causes of atheism]]  

''See also:'' [[Atheism and intelligence]] and [[Atheism and the theory of multiple intelligences|Atheism and Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences]] and [[Causes of atheism]]  

The [[General Social Survey]] (GSS) is the "largest project funded by the Sociology Program of the [[National Science Foundation]]. Except for the U.S. Census, the GSS is the most frequently analyzed source of information in the social sciences."<ref>[http://www3.norc.org/GSS+Website/About+GSS/ "About the General Social Survey"] (2008). National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago General Social Survey. Archived at Internet Archive on July 22, 2012.</ref>  

Standardized [[intelligence testing|intelligence test]] scores related to the issue of [[atheism|atheists]] vs. [[theism|theists]] intelligence scores yield conflicting results.<ref>*[http://www.doxa.ws/other/smarter.html Who is smarter? Believers or non-believers?]</ref> Part of the problem is that social scientists use variant [[Definition of atheism|definitions of atheism]].<ref>[http://www.strangenotions.com/atheists-higher-iqs/ ''Do Atheists Really Have Higher IQs than Believers?''], Dr. William M. Briggs</ref><ref>[http://www.patheos.com/blogs/blackwhiteandgray/2012/01/how-many-americans-are-atheists-fewer-than-you-might-think/ How Many Americans are Atheists? Fewer than You Might Think] by Bradley Wright, January 26, 2012</ref>

Citing data from the General Social Survey, [[Vox Day]] writes about atheist [[Intelligence testing|intelligence quotient]] (IQ) scores: "..the two most common types of atheists are the High Church atheists with +2[[Standard deviation|SD]] [[IQ]]s (128+) and Low Church atheists with -2SD IQs (65-72). Note that the Low Church atheists actually outnumber the High Church atheists, 22.9 to 17.2 percent."<ref>Day, Vox (January 15, 2014). [http://voxday.blogspot.com/2014/01/mailvox-distribution-of-atheist.html "Mailvox: the distribution of atheist intelligence".] Vox Populi.  Retrieved July 16, 2014.  See [[Vox Day]]</ref> For more information please see: [[Atheism and intelligence]]

[[Howard Gardner]] at [[Harvard University]] developed the [[theory of multiple intelligences]] which has identified various distinct intelligences:  interpersonal, intrapersonal, visual–spatial, verbal–linguistic, logical–mathematical, musical–rhythmic, bodily–kinesthetic, and naturalistic.<ref>[http://www.tecweb.org/styles/gardner.html Multiple Ingelligence]</ref> Gardner later suggested that [[moral intelligence]] may merit being included in his multiple intelligence model.<ref>[http://infed.org/mobi/howard-gardner-multiple-intelligences-and-education/ Howard Gardner, multiple intelligences and education]</ref>  

 

For information related to atheism and various forms of intelligence, please see [[Atheism and the theory of multiple intelligences]]

=== Atheism and the theory of multiple intelligences ===

=== Atheism and the theory of multiple intelligences ===