Block, SkipCaptcha, Automoderated users, edit
4,575
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 1:
Line 1: − {{uncited}}+ + + − The '''cog''' was the general trading vessel of the [[Middle Ages]] in north-west [[Europe]]. The first mention of a cog (''kogge'') occurs in a [[Dutch]] inventory in 948. Until overtaken in popularity in the 15th century by the ''[[hulk]]'' most of the deep-water carriage of freight off the [[Atlantic]] and [[Baltic]] coasts from [[Scandinavia]] to [[Spain]] and across to the [[British Isles]] was done in cogs. + − They were a [[clinker]]-built, single-masted, single-sailed, square-rigged, wide-beamed vessels that were generous in their carrying capacity, had excellent stability, shallow draft, but were not exactly speedy. Whilst known as a trading vessel they were occasionally active in war – the [[Battle of Sluys]] during the [[Hundred Years War]] was fought ''on'' cogs – although that was more of a case of a land battle fought on ships than the normally perceived naval engagement.+ − [[William the Conqueror]]'s invasion force force crossed to [[England]] in 1066 on a Norman variety of the cog, and this type influenced the development of the [[French]] ''nef'' (see [[Nao]].)+ + + + + +
Additions Refs
The '''cog''' was the general trading vessel of the [[Middle Ages]] in north-west [[Europe]]. The first mention of a cog (''kogge'') occurs in a [[Dutch]] inventory in 948. Until overtaken in popularity in the 15th century by the ''[[hulk]]'' most of the deep-water carriage of freight off the [[Atlantic]] and [[Baltic]] coasts from [[Scandinavia]] to [[Spain]] and across to the [[British Isles]] was done in cogs.
They developed out of an amalgam of [[celt]]ic boat-building practices and the flat-bottomed river-boats and barges of the Roman era and became increasingly common in their larger forms in subsequent centuries. They had clinker-built sides, butt-jointed [[carvel]] bottoms, were single-masted, single-sailed, square-rigged, wide-beamed vessels that were generous in their carrying capacity, had excellent stability, shallow draft, but were not exactly speedy. Keels appeared before the thirteenth century, increasing their draft and increasing the requirement for docks when loading/unloading, but reducing [[Sailing ship types: Glossary|leeway]]. A sternpost rudder appeared during the thirteenth century.
Whilst known as a trading vessel they were occasionally active in war – the [[Battle of Sluys]] during the [[Hundred Years War]] was fought ''on'' cogs – although that was more of a case of a land battle fought on ships than the normally perceived naval engagement.
[[William the Conqueror]]'s invasion force force crossed to [[England]] in 1066 on a Norman variety of the cog, and this type influenced the development of the [[French]] ''nef'' (see [[Nao]].) Three centuries on, [[Edward III]]’s official royal ship was ''the Cog Thomas''.
They were the vessel of choice of the [[Hanseatic League]] traders until, gradually, during the fourteenth and into the fifteenth century they were replaced by the [[hulk]]
[[Category: Sailing ship types]]
[[Category: Sailing ship types]]
==References==
*''The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History'' 2007
*''The Medieval Sea'' Susan Rose 2007
*''Dictionary of Ship Types'' 1986