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Line 4: + + − + − Today it is generally considered [[indecency|indecent]] to expose the nipples of the breasts in Western society, and in many places such exposure is illegal, though groups campaign strongly in many countries to repeal such restrictions, and in more [[liberal]] [[Europe]]an countries such as [[France]], female toplessness is common. In some less developed countries, especially the non-Christian ones, it is also still fairly commonplace for women to go bare-breasted.+ − + − Diseases of the breasts include [[mastitis]], [[cyst]]s and [[breast cancer]]. Regular [[Breast Exam]]inations are recommended for women. Additionally, many breasts are, or can be at times, extremely sensitive to pain and discomfort, and are highly susceptible to [[bruise|bruising]].+
Tone down, move lower, and remove comparative ethnography which seemed a little vague (and gave me the impression it was favoring a reduction of U. S. taboo)
== Breastfeeding ==
== Breastfeeding ==
In the United States, during the middle of the twentieth century, there was a tendency to deemphasize breastfeeding infants in favor of using bottled formula, partly from an impression that bottles were more modern, scientific, or hygienic. During the latter part of that century, breastfeeding has returned to favor, partly as a result of medical studies showing although infant formula is nutritionally sound, nevertheless breastfeeding has health benefits for both mother and infant. For example, one medical-school-sponsored website states that in the mother breastfeeding promotes faster recovery from childbirth, feelings of well-being, and lower risk of osteoporosis, and, in the infant, fewer infections and medical problems, better brain development, and higher oxygenation.<ref>[http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/24684/24715/347943.html?d=dmtContent Benefits Of Breast-Feeding], Intelihealth (Harvard Medical School's health website)</ref> The American Academy of Pediatrics and other organizations recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life <ref>[http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;115/2/496 Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk], American Academy of Pediatrics; notes that exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life is also recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Academy of Family Physicians, Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund</ref>
In the United States, during the middle of the twentieth century, there was a tendency to deemphasize breastfeeding infants in favor of using bottled formula, partly from an impression that bottles were more modern, scientific, or hygienic. During the latter part of that century, breastfeeding has returned to favor, partly as a result of medical studies showing although infant formula is nutritionally sound, nevertheless breastfeeding has health benefits for both mother and infant. For example, one medical-school-sponsored website states that in the mother breastfeeding promotes faster recovery from childbirth, feelings of well-being, and lower risk of osteoporosis, and, in the infant, fewer infections and medical problems, better brain development, and higher oxygenation.<ref>[http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/24684/24715/347943.html?d=dmtContent Benefits Of Breast-Feeding], Intelihealth (Harvard Medical School's health website)</ref> The American Academy of Pediatrics and other organizations recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life <ref>[http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;115/2/496 Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk], American Academy of Pediatrics; notes that exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life is also recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Academy of Family Physicians, Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund</ref>
Breastfeeding is one of a number of factors that lead to emotional bonding between mother and child.
In the United States, promoters of breastfeeding seek greater social acceptance of public breast exposure when it occurs in the context of breastfeeding; although, they say, a woman's right to breastfeed in public is protected by law in many states, some people "may consciously or unconsciously confuse it with something that's sexual and should be done in privacy."<ref>[http://www.lalecheleague.org/NB/NBNovDec00p196.html Breastfeeding in Public], La Leche League</ref>
In the United States, promoters of breastfeeding seek greater social acceptance of public breast exposure when it occurs in the context of breastfeeding; although, they say, a woman's right to breastfeed in public is protected by law in many states, some people "may consciously or unconsciously confuse it with something that's sexual and should be done in privacy."<ref>[http://www.lalecheleague.org/NB/NBNovDec00p196.html Breastfeeding in Public], La Leche League</ref>
== Exposure of the Breasts ==
== Diseases of the Breast ==
Diseases of the breasts include [[mastitis]], [[cyst]]s and [[breast cancer]]. Regular [[Breast Exam]]inations are recommended for women. Additionally, many breasts are, or can be at times, extremely sensitive to pain and discomfort, and are highly susceptible to [[bruise|bruising]].
== Diseases of the Breast ==
== Custom, Taboo, and Nudity ==
Breasts are a conspicuous physical difference between men and women, and as such have an association with sexuality. Attitudes toward their public exposure vary with time and place. In the United States, they almost define the borderline of what is permissible; in general, exposure of a woman's nipples is taboo (and illegal) except in the context of breastfeeding.
== Breasts in the Bible ==
== Breasts in the Bible ==