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| | ==''Dharma'' in Buddhism== | | ==''Dharma'' in Buddhism== |
| − | In [[Buddhism]], Dharma no longer has its [[Hindu]] meaning of [[religious]] [[duty]] according to one's [[caste]]. Instead it has several levels of meaning including: the [[teaching]]s of the [[Buddha]], which can be understood as:<ref>Epstein, Ron, ''Buddhism A to Z''. Burlingame, [[California]]: Buddhist Text Translation Society, 1999: pp. 54-55.</ref> | + | In [[Buddhism]], Dharma no longer has its [[Hindu]] meaning of [[religious]] [[duty]] according to one's [[caste]]. Instead it has several levels of meaning including: the [[teaching]]s of the [[Buddha]], which can be understood as: |
| | # "Dharma with a capital D": [[method]]s ([[Five schools of Buddhism|Five Schools]] of teachings and [[practice]]s) for becoming [[enlightenment|enlightened]]. | | # "Dharma with a capital D": [[method]]s ([[Five schools of Buddhism|Five Schools]] of teachings and [[practice]]s) for becoming [[enlightenment|enlightened]]. |
| | # "Dharmakaya" - "Tathagata Garbha" - "Dharma Dhatu": The [[reality]] that one realizes at [[enlightenment]]. These three Sanskrit words (especially "Dharmakaya") is the closest concept that [[Mahayana]] Buddhism has that fairly closely resembles the [[Judaism|Judeo]]-[[Christian]] "[[creator]] [[God]]" although it is not accepted by [[Theravada]] Buddhists and is not well known among most common Buddhists who are neither serious scholars nor practitioners of the religion. This is why both many non-Buddhists and [[liberal]] beginner "Buddhists in name only" (see [[RINO]]) especially in America, misunderstand Buddhism thinking it denies the existence of God or a primary causative being of the [[universe]]. Those who suggest this misconception have not studied Buddhist esoteric [[Sutra]] teachings on these three terms "Dharmakaya" - "Tathagata Garbha" - "Dharma Dhatu". | | # "Dharmakaya" - "Tathagata Garbha" - "Dharma Dhatu": The [[reality]] that one realizes at [[enlightenment]]. These three Sanskrit words (especially "Dharmakaya") is the closest concept that [[Mahayana]] Buddhism has that fairly closely resembles the [[Judaism|Judeo]]-[[Christian]] "[[creator]] [[God]]" although it is not accepted by [[Theravada]] Buddhists and is not well known among most common Buddhists who are neither serious scholars nor practitioners of the religion. This is why both many non-Buddhists and [[liberal]] beginner "Buddhists in name only" (see [[RINO]]) especially in America, misunderstand Buddhism thinking it denies the existence of God or a primary causative being of the [[universe]]. Those who suggest this misconception have not studied Buddhist esoteric [[Sutra]] teachings on these three terms "Dharmakaya" - "Tathagata Garbha" - "Dharma Dhatu". |
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| | In [[Buddhism]], Dharma is used to refer to the [[teaching]]s ([[scripture]] as [[Sutra]] and [[Shastra]] ([[exegesis]] commentaries) of the [[Buddha]] ([[Sanskrit]] ''Buddhadharma''). It has many shades of meaning, including ‘the [[spiritual]] path’, or ‘[[spirituality]]’ in general. It also refers to [[phenomena]], meaning things and events. There are formally ten meanings of Dharma. | | In [[Buddhism]], Dharma is used to refer to the [[teaching]]s ([[scripture]] as [[Sutra]] and [[Shastra]] ([[exegesis]] commentaries) of the [[Buddha]] ([[Sanskrit]] ''Buddhadharma''). It has many shades of meaning, including ‘the [[spiritual]] path’, or ‘[[spirituality]]’ in general. It also refers to [[phenomena]], meaning things and events. There are formally ten meanings of Dharma. |
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| | + | According to Dr. Ron Epstein, Ph.D, [[professor]] of Comparative Religions at Dharma Realm Buddhist University, "Dharma refers to all the methods of [[cultivation]] taught by the Buddha which lead to ultimate [[enlightenment]] (Sanskrit: "anuttarasamyaksambodhi"). They are means to an end, not an end in themselves. In other words, any aspect or division of the teaching. Dharma in this sense is an [[expedient]] [[distinction]] made for the sake of greater understanding. For example, the [[Five aggregates]], the [[Six Perfections]], and the [[Eighteen Realms]] are all dharmas."<ref>Epstein, Ron, ''Buddhism A to Z''. Burlingame, [[California]]: Buddhist Text Translation Society, 1999: pp. 54-55. This entire section is summarized from Buddhism A to Z</ref> |
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| | ===Ten Meanings of Dharma=== | | ===Ten Meanings of Dharma=== |