Changes

"The [[electric]] [[Systems_of_support#Energy_System|power grid]] is essential for sustaining [[population]] “life-support” services. However, some major grid components could take months, or years, to replace, if many components are damaged. The primary example is high-[[voltage]] [[transformer]]s, which can irreparably fail during major [[solar storm]]s and are thus likely to fail during an EMP event. Protection of these large transformers would reduce the time required to restore the grid and restore the necessary services it enables."

"The [[electric]] [[Systems_of_support#Energy_System|power grid]] is essential for sustaining [[population]] “life-support” services. However, some major grid components could take months, or years, to replace, if many components are damaged. The primary example is high-[[voltage]] [[transformer]]s, which can irreparably fail during major [[solar storm]]s and are thus likely to fail during an EMP event. Protection of these large transformers would reduce the time required to restore the grid and restore the necessary services it enables."

According to Emprimus– a manufacturer of transformer protection devices– the unit cost for high-voltage transformer protection is estimated to be $250,000, with the total number of susceptible, large, high-voltage units ranging from 300 to 3,000, according to [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]]. The requirement and cost for [[generator]] facility protection are still undetermined but are likely to be similar to transformer protection costs. To protect [[SCADA]] systems, replacement parts are readily available and repairs are relatively uncomplicated. Protection costs for heavy-duty grid components are in the $10 billion range, which is a small fraction of the value of losses should they fail. When [[amortization | amortized]], protection costs to consumers amount to pennies per month."<ref>263 {{Template:James Wesley Rawles authorized quotation}}  January 5, 2015 '' [http://survivalblog.com/guest-article-six-common-misconceptions-about-emp-by-g-b-phd Six Common Misconceptions About EMP, by G.B., PhD''   - Protecting the Critical National Infrastructure Would Be Cost Prohibitive]</ref>

According to Emprimus– a manufacturer of transformer protection devices– the unit cost for high-voltage transformer protection is estimated to be $250,000, with the total number of susceptible, large, high-voltage units ranging from 300 to 3,000, according to [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]]. The requirement and cost for [[generator]] facility protection are still undetermined but are likely to be similar to transformer protection costs. To protect [[SCADA]] systems, replacement parts are readily available and repairs are relatively uncomplicated. Protection costs for heavy-duty grid components are in the $10 billion range, which is a small fraction of the value of losses should they fail. When [[amortization | amortized]], protection costs to consumers amount to pennies per month."<ref>263 {{Template:James Wesley Rawles authorized quotation}}  January 5, 2015 '' [http://survivalblog.com/guest-article-six-common-misconceptions-about-emp-by-g-b-phd "Six Common Misconceptions About EMP, by G.B., PhD'' ]  - Protecting the Critical National Infrastructure Would Be Cost Prohibitive</ref>

[[Newt Gingrich]] and other [[conservative]]s such as [[:Category:Survivalists| survivalist]]s [[James Wesley Rawles]], [[Joel Skousen]], [[Alex Jones]], [[Kenneth Royce]], [[Jack Spirko]], [[Dave Duffy]], [[Ragnar Benson]] and [[Alex Barron]] are concerned with the [[preparedness]] of [[America]]'s power grid transformers against [[threat]]s from modern adversaries such as [[Islam]]ic [[jihad]] [[terrorists]], [[China]], [[Russia]] and [[North Korea]]. They consider the current "hardening" of transformers to be a major issue requiring investment.<ref>[[One Second After]] written by [[William Forstchen]] with a forward by [[Newt Gingrich]] discusses this potentially major threat to modern power transformers: [http://www.amazon.com/One-Second-After-William-Forstchen Amazon.com], Tor Books, 2011.

[[Newt Gingrich]] and other [[conservative]]s such as [[:Category:Survivalists| survivalist]]s [[James Wesley Rawles]], [[Joel Skousen]], [[Alex Jones]], [[Kenneth Royce]], [[Jack Spirko]], [[Dave Duffy]], [[Ragnar Benson]] and [[Alex Barron]] are concerned with the [[preparedness]] of [[America]]'s power grid transformers against [[threat]]s from modern adversaries such as [[Islam]]ic [[jihad]] [[terrorists]], [[China]], [[Russia]] and [[North Korea]]. They consider the current "hardening" of transformers to be a major issue requiring investment.<ref>[[One Second After]] written by [[William Forstchen]] with a forward by [[Newt Gingrich]] discusses this potentially major threat to modern power transformers: [http://www.amazon.com/One-Second-After-William-Forstchen Amazon.com], Tor Books, 2011. Accessed January 5, 2015.</ref>

==See Also==

==See Also==