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tighten wording
|p=Cíxǐ Tàihòu
|p=Cíxǐ Tàihòu
|w=Tz'u-Hsi T'ai-hou
|w=Tz'u-Hsi T'ai-hou
}}During the Self-Strengthening Movement of the 1860s and 1870s, the government was led by the reformist Prince Gong. The Taiping rebels were defeated and attempts were made to modernize the army as well as various other sectors of society. The bureaucracy, which dominated the Qing government, remained unreformed. Qing bureaucrats were selected by the Imperial Examinations, which tested their knowledge of archaic subjects such as [[Classical Chinese]].
}}During the Self-Strengthening Movement of the 1860s and 1870s, the government was led by the reformist Prince Gong. The Taiping rebels were defeated and attempts were made to modernize the army as well as well as various other sectors of society. However, the imperial bureaucracy continued to be dominated by Mandarins with little knowledge of the modern world. The Mandarins were selected through examinations that tested knowledge of such archaic subjects as [[Classical Chinese]] and Confucian scripture.
After Cixi became sole regent in 1881, Prince Gong's influence declined. Cixi retired as regent in 1889 and took up residence at the Summer Palace outside Beijing. China's defeat by Japan in 1895 inspired a reformist movement led by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao. During the "Hundred Days of Reform" in 1898, Guangxu issued numerous edicts inspired by reformist officials. Conservatives appealed to Cixi, who staged a coup that restored her authority. After the coup, Cixi kept the emperor confined at the Forbidden City. His life was saved only by the intervention of foreign powers.
After Cixi became sole regent in 1881, Prince Gong's influence declined. Cixi retired as regent in 1889 and took up residence at the Summer Palace outside Beijing. China's defeat by Japan in 1895 inspired a reformist movement led by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao. During the "Hundred Days of Reform" in 1898, Guangxu issued numerous edicts inspired by reformist officials. Conservatives appealed to Cixi, who staged a coup that restored her authority. After the coup, Cixi kept the emperor confined at the Forbidden City. His life was saved only by the intervention of foreign powers.