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The '''Prayer of Manasseh''' is found in the books of the [[Septuagint]], the Old Testament accepted as inspired and canonical by the [[Orthodox Church]] in the ''Greek Orthodox Bible'', and found in the books of the Old Testament of the ''[[Vulgate]]''. It is not included in the canon of inspired scripture by the [[Third Council of Carthage (397)]]. It is included in the canon of the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodox Bible]]. Since the [[Council of Trent]] it is not accepted as inspired and canonical by the [[Catholic Church]] in the ''Catholic Bible''—books of the Bible accepted as divinely inspired by the majority of Christian believers in the United States.<ref>The '''Catholic Church''' is the world's largest [[Christianity|Christian]] body comprised of several distinct [https://www.ewtn.com/expert/answers/catholic_rites_and_churches.htm "Rites"]. The [[Catholic Church|Catholic Church (Latin Rite)]] is the largest religious body in the United States, with over 60 million adherents (4 times as large as the second largest church, the Orthodox).<br/>[http://www.pewforum.org/2013/02/13/the-global-catholic-population/ “The Global Catholic Population,” © 2011, Pew Research Center.]<br/>[http://www.adherents.com/largecom/com_romcath.html The Largest Catholic Communities]<br/>
The '''Prayer of Manasseh''' is found in the books of the [[Septuagint]], the Old Testament accepted as inspired and canonical by the [[Orthodox Church]] in the ''Greek Orthodox Bible'', and found in the books of the Old Testament of the ''[[Vulgate]]''. It is not included in the canon of inspired scripture by the [[Third Council of Carthage (397)]]. It is included in the canon of the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodox Bible]]. Since the [[Council of Trent]] it is not accepted as inspired and canonical by the [[Catholic Church]] in the ''Catholic Bible''—books of the Bible accepted as divinely inspired by the majority of Christian believers in the United States.<ref>The '''Catholic Church''' is the world's largest [[Christianity|Christian]] body comprised of several distinct [https://www.ewtn.com/expert/answers/catholic_rites_and_churches.htm "Rites"]. The [[Catholic Church|Catholic Church (Latin Rite)]] is the largest religious body in the United States, with over 60 million adherents (4 times as large as the second largest church, the Orthodox).<br/>[http://www.pewforum.org/2013/02/13/the-global-catholic-population/ “The Global Catholic Population,” © 2011, Pew Research Center.]<br/>[http://www.adherents.com/largecom/com_romcath.html The Largest Catholic Communities]<br/>
The '''Eastern Orthodox Church''', officially called the '''Orthodox Catholic Church''', and also referred to as the '''[[Orthodox Church]]''' and '''Orthodoxy''', is the second largest [[Christianity|Christian church]] in the world, with an estimated 225–300 million adherents, most of whom live in [[Eastern Europe]], the [[Middle East]], and [[Russia]].<br/>{{cite web |last1=Calivas |first1=Rev. Alciviadis C. |title=The Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church |publisher=Greek Orthodox Archdiocese Of America |year=1983 |url=http://www.goarch.org/ourfaith/ourfaith7061 |accessdate=7 May 2014 |ref=none }}<br/>{{cite web |last1=Fairchild |first1=Mary |title=Christianity:Basics:Eastern Orthodox Church Denomination |publisher=about.com |url=http://christianity.about.com/od/easternorthodoxy/p/orthodoxprofile.htm |accessdate=22 May 2014 |ref=none }}<br/>{{cite web |title=Christianity |work=Major Branches of Religions Ranked by Number of Adherents |publisher=adherents.com |url=http://www.adherents.com/adh_branches.html#Christianity |accessdate=22 May 2014 |ref=none }}</ref><ref>See [http://www.888c.com/worldChristianDenominations.htm Percentage of Christians in Protestant Denominations (29.5%)].</ref><ref name=Ortho>[http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-traditions/ Pew Research. Religion & Public Life Project. Christian Traditions. "About half of all Christians worldwide are Catholic (50%), while more than a third are Protestant (37%). Orthodox communions comprise 12% of the world’s Christians."] December 19, 2011.</ref> It was first removed from the Old Testament and placed in the Apocrypha by Martin Luther in the 16th century. The Prayer of Manasseh is regarded as canonical and inspired by about 12% of Christian believers.<ref name=Ortho/>
The '''Eastern Orthodox Church''', officially called the '''Orthodox Catholic Church''', and also referred to as the '''[[Orthodox Church]]''' and '''Orthodoxy''', is the second largest [[Christianity|Christian church]] in the world, with an estimated 225–300 million adherents, most of whom live in [[Eastern Europe]], the [[Middle East]], and [[Russia]].<br/>{{cite web |last1=Calivas |first1=Rev. Alciviadis C. |title=The Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church |publisher=Greek Orthodox Archdiocese Of America |year=1983 |url=http://www.goarch.org/ourfaith/ourfaith7061 |accessdate=7 May 2014 |ref=none }}<br/>{{cite web |last1=Fairchild |first1=Mary |title=Christianity:Basics:Eastern Orthodox Church Denomination |publisher=about.com |url=http://christianity.about.com/od/easternorthodoxy/p/orthodoxprofile.htm |accessdate=22 May 2014 |ref=none }}<br/>{{cite web |title=Christianity |work=Major Branches of Religions Ranked by Number of Adherents |publisher=adherents.com |url=http://www.adherents.com/adh_branches.html#Christianity |accessdate=22 May 2014 |ref=none }}</ref><ref>See [http://www.888c.com/worldChristianDenominations.htm Percentage of Christians in Protestant Denominations (29.5%)].</ref><ref name=Ortho>[http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-traditions/ Pew Research. Religion & Public Life Project. Christian Traditions. "About half of all Christians worldwide are Catholic (50%), while more than a third are Protestant (37%). Orthodox communions comprise 12% of the world’s Christians."] December 19, 2011.</ref>
Prayer of Manasseh was first removed from the Old Testament and placed in the Apocrypha by Martin Luther in the 16th century. The Prayer of Manasseh is regarded as canonical and inspired by about 12% of Christian believers.<ref name=Ortho/>
See [[Apocrypha]].
See [[Apocrypha]].
==Canonical status==
The prayer is considered [[apocryphal]] by [[Judaism|Jews]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholics]] and [[Protestantism|Protestants]]. It was placed at the end of [[2 Chronicles]] in the late 4th-century [[Vulgate]].
The prayer appears in ancient Syriac, Old Slavonic, Ethiopic, and [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian]] translations.<ref name="NET Bible"/><ref>''The shorter books of the Apocrypha: Tobit, Judith, Rest of Esther, Baruch, Letter of Jeremiah, additions to Daniel and Prayer of Manasseh.'' Commentary by J. C. Dancy, with contributions by W. J. Fuerst and R. J. Hammer. Cambridge [Eng.] University Press, 1972. ISBN 16230423</ref> In the Ethiopian Bible, the prayer is found in [[2 Chronicles]]. The Prayer of Manasseh is included in certain editions of the Greek [[Septuagint]]; for example, the fifth century Codex Alexandrinus In some editions of the Septuagint, it forms a part of the [[Book of Odes (Bible)|Book of Odes]]. includes the prayer among fourteen [[Book of Odes (Bible)|Odes]] appearing just after the [[Psalms]].<ref name="NET Bible">[http://www.bible.org/netbible/prm1_notes.htm NET Bible]</ref> Over a millennium later, It was part of the 1537 [[Matthew Bible]], and the 1599 [[Geneva Bible]]. It was printed at the end of [[II Paraleipomenon|2 Chronicles]] in the 1599 Geneva Bible and the Latin Vulgate; [[Martin Luther]] included the book in his 74-book translation of the Bible.<ref>http://beggarsallreformation.blogspot.com/2011/06/luther-added-books-to-his-bible.html</ref> it also appears in the [[apocrypha]] of the King James Bible. Pope Clement VIII included the book in an appendix to the Vulgate stating that it should continue to be read "lest it perish entirely." [[Pope Clement VIII]] included the prayer in an appendix to the Vulgate stating that it should continue to be read "lest it perish entirely." It also appears in the [[Biblical apocrypha#Apocrypha of the King James Version|Apocrypha]] of the [[King James Bible]]. It is accepted as a deuterocanonical book by some Orthodox, though it does not appear in Bibles printed in Greece. The book appears in ancient Syriac, Old Slavonic, Ethiopic, and Armenian translations. In the Ethiopian Bible, this text appears within [[II Paraleipomenon]]. Currently, it is considered apocryphal by [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholics]], Jews and Protestants alike. It is accepted as a [[deuterocanonical books|deuterocanonical book]] by some [[Orthodox Christians]], though it does not appear in Bibles printed in Greece.
The prayer is chanted during the [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Orthodox]] Christian and [[Byzantine Catholic]] service of [[Compline#Great Compline|Great Compline]]. The Prayer of Manasseh is chanted during the Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic service of [[Compline|Great Compline]]. It is used in the [[Roman Rite]] as part of the [[Responsory]] after the first reading in the [[Office of Readings]] on the 14th Sunday in [[Ordinary Time]] (along with [[Psalm 51]]). It is used also as a canticle in the [[Daily Office]] of the [[Book of Common Prayer#1906_-_2000|1979 U.S. Book of Common Prayer]] used by the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church in the United States of America]].
The ''Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion'' of the [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Protestant Episcopal Church]] (Article VI: "Of the Sufficiency of the Holy Scriptures for Salvation") includes the Prayer of Manasseh among "the other Books (as Hierome saith) the Church doth read for example of life and instruction of manners; but yet doth it not apply them to establish any doctrine".<ref>[http://anglicansonline.org/basics/thirty-nine_articles.html Anglicans Online: '''Articles of Religion.''' As established by the Bishops, the Clergy, and the Laity of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, in Convention, on the twelfth day of September, in the Year of our Lord, 1801.]</ref>
==Content==
Prayer of Manasseh purports to be the prayer of repentance uttered in Babylon by the exiled king of Judah, Manasseh son of Hezekiah. According to [http://biblehub.com/multi/2_chronicles/33-18.htm 2 Chronicles 33:18] his prayer was well-known to the people.
The '''Prayer of Manasseh''' is a short work of 15 verses of the penitential prayer of the Judean king Manasseh. Manasseh is recorded in the Bible as one of the most idolatrous ([[IV Kingdoms]] 21:1-18); however, after having been taken captive by the Assyrians, he prays for mercy ([[II Paraleipomenon]] 33:10-17) and turns from his idolatrous ways.
See [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2chronicles%2033:1-20&version=KJV 2 Chronicles 33:1-20]<br/>Compare [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2kings%2021:1-18&version=KJV 2 Kings 21:1-18]
His purification and restoration of the Temple he had defiled, after he had been released and had returned to Jerusalem, and the renovation and restoration of the Temple by his grandson Josiah, are referenced in the [[Book of Judith]], [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=judith%204:3 chapter 4, verse 3].
==References==
==References==
==External link==
==External link==
[http://www.wmcarey.edu/browning/Classes/HOB/BibleD-OTText.pdf The Old Testament Text. (wmcarey.edu/browning/Classes)]
[http://www.wmcarey.edu/browning/Classes/HOB/BibleD-OTText.pdf The Old Testament Text. (wmcarey.edu/browning/Classes)]
[http://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/manasseh.html Early Jewish Writings: Prayer of Manasseh]
[http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/obso/9780198755005.003.0054 Oxford Index: Prayer of Manasseh. George W. E. Nickelsburg, in The Oxford Bible Commentary. Published in print December 2001. ISBN: 9780198755005. Published online April 2009] (oxfordindex.oup.com)
[http://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Prayer-of-Manasseh-Chapter-1/ The Official King James Bible Online: Apocryphal Books: Prayer of Manasseh] ''text of Prayer of Manasseh'' (kingjamesbibleonline.org)
[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx?type=DIV1&byte=4216956 Bible, Revised Standard Version. Prayer of Manasseh] (quod.lib.umich.edu)
[https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Prayer+of+Manasseh+1&version=CEB Prayer of Manasseh. Common English Bible] (biblegateway.com)
[[category:Bible]] [[category:apocrypha]]
[[category:Bible]] [[category:apocrypha]]