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'''Federalism''' is the system of co-sovereigns nearly unique to the United States,<ref>[[Switzerland]] may be the only other nation that approaches the federalism of the United States.</ref> such that a national or federal government shares power along with state governments over the same territory and citizenry.  More specifically, federalism involves dual sovereignty, or the allocation of power between the federal government and the states under the [[U.S. Constitution]], with overlapping authority.

'''Federalism''' is the system of co-sovereignty current in the United States, and various other nations<ref>http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/467746/political-system/36704/Federal-systems#ref416916</ref> such that a national or federal government shares power along with state governments over the same territory and citizenry.  More specifically, federalism involves dual sovereignty, or the allocation of power between the federal government and the states under the [[U.S. Constitution]], with overlapping authority.

The states "surrendered many of their powers to the new Federal Government," but retained "'a residuary and inviolable sovereignty.'"  ''Printz v. United States'', 521 U.S. 898, 918-19 (quoting ''[[The Federalist]]'', No. 39, at 245, [[James Madison]]).  This dual sovereignty is "reflected throughout the Constitution's text."  ''Id.'' at 919.  The continued existence of state sovereignty is "implicit . . . in the Constitution's conferral upon Congress of not all governmental powers, but only discrete, enumerated ones."  ''Id.''

In the United States the states "surrendered many of their powers to the new Federal Government," but retained "'a residuary and inviolable sovereignty.'"  ''Printz v. United States'', 521 U.S.98, 918-19 (quoting ''[[The Federalist]]'', No. 39, at 245, [[James Madison]]).  This dual sovereignty is "reflected throughout the Constitution's text."  ''Id.'' at 919.  The continued existence of state sovereignty is "implicit . . . in the Constitution's conferral upon Congress of not all governmental powers, but only discrete, enumerated ones."  ''Id.''

When the national government was young, federalism stood for a stronger federal government.  After the federal government became very strong, however, federalism has stood for keeping the federal government out of matters traditionally within the domain of state government, such as education, family law, medical care, and local law enforcement.

When the national government was young, federalism stood for a stronger federal government.  After the federal government became very strong, however, federalism has stood for keeping the federal government out of matters traditionally within the domain of state government, such as education, family law, medical care, and local law enforcement.