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Stijn Ruiter, senior researcher at the [[Netherlands]] Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, and Frank van Tubergen, a professor of [[sociology]] in [[Utrecht]], analyzed 'religious participation' in 60 countries. Their research found no effect of education in terms of religiosity, but instead indicated that social/economic insecurity and the environment people grow up in have a significant impact.<ref>[http://vorige.nrc.nl/international/Features/article2394314.ece/Insecurity_not_education_determines_church_attendance Insecurity not education determines church attendance]</ref><ref>[http://www.brin.ac.uk/news/2010/religious-attendance-in-cross-national-perspective/ Religious Attendance in Cross-National Perspective], British Religion in Numbers,  Posted on February 21, 2010 by Clive Field</ref><ref>''Religious Attendance in Cross-national Perspective: A Multilevel Analysis of 60 Countries'' by Stijn Ruiter and Frank van Tubergen, ''American Journal of Sociology'', Vol. 115, No. 3, pp. 863-95</ref>
 
Stijn Ruiter, senior researcher at the [[Netherlands]] Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, and Frank van Tubergen, a professor of [[sociology]] in [[Utrecht]], analyzed 'religious participation' in 60 countries. Their research found no effect of education in terms of religiosity, but instead indicated that social/economic insecurity and the environment people grow up in have a significant impact.<ref>[http://vorige.nrc.nl/international/Features/article2394314.ece/Insecurity_not_education_determines_church_attendance Insecurity not education determines church attendance]</ref><ref>[http://www.brin.ac.uk/news/2010/religious-attendance-in-cross-national-perspective/ Religious Attendance in Cross-National Perspective], British Religion in Numbers,  Posted on February 21, 2010 by Clive Field</ref><ref>''Religious Attendance in Cross-national Perspective: A Multilevel Analysis of 60 Countries'' by Stijn Ruiter and Frank van Tubergen, ''American Journal of Sociology'', Vol. 115, No. 3, pp. 863-95</ref>
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== Religious education ==
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[[Image:800px-Crop Book of Isaiah 2006-06-06.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The [[Bible]] teaches, "Train up a child in the way he should go, Even when he is old he will not depart from it." (Proverbs 22:6 NASB). ]]
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Parental guidance and religious/non-religious instruction have a very large effect on a person adopting and retaining a particular religion/worldview.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7vCDeKPRSo Eric Kaufmann - Religion, Demography and Politics in the 21st Century]</ref><ref name="sbts1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.sbts.edu/resources/files/2010/02/sbjt_014_win97_rainer.pdf|author=Thom Rainer|publisher=Southern Baptist Theological Seminary|title=The Great Commission to Reach a New Generation|work=Southern Baptist Journal of Theology|date=December 19, 1997}}</ref><ref>[http://www.calvarytruth.org/awana Awana Clubs (religious clubs) in evangelical Christianity and  religious retention rates]</ref> 
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A 1995-6 study commissioned by the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary found that 71% of Christians in the United States converted before the age of 14.<ref name="sbts1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.sbts.edu/resources/files/2010/02/sbjt_014_win97_rainer.pdf|author=Thom Rainer|publisher=[[Southern Baptist Theological Seminary]]|title=The Great Commission to Reach a New Generation|work=Southern Baptist Journal of Theology|date=December 19, 1997}}</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7vCDeKPRSo Eric Kaufmann - Religion, Demography and Politics in the 21st Century]</ref>
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The religious/political/demography scholar [[Eric Kaufmann]] pointed out that the majority of people adopt their religious faith due to parental guidance and that the fertility rate of religious conservatives combined with the sub-replacement of fertility of the [[atheism|atheists]]/agnostics/nonreligious will cause the [[desecularization]] of the [[Western World]] in the 21st century (see also: [[Global atheism|Decline of global atheism]] and [[Secular Europe|Desecularization of secular Europe]]).<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7vCDeKPRSo Eric Kaufmann - Religion, Demography and Politics in the 21st Century]</ref><ref>[http://www.sneps.net/RD/uploads/1-Shall%20the%20Religious%20Inherit%20the%20Earth.pdf Shall the Righteous Inherit the Earth? Demography and Politics in the Twenty-First Century  - Academic paper by Eric Kaufmann]</ref>
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== Religion and atheism in academia ==
 
== Religion and atheism in academia ==
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