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{| cellpadding="1" style="float: right; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 15px 0 15px;"
| style="background: #ccf; text-align: center;" | '''This article is part of the'''<br>'''[[Venona project|Venona]]'''<br>'''series.'''
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[Communist Party]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[Comintern]]
|-
|style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc"|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|<small>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:Ushistory&action=edit Edit this box]</small>
|}
'''Paul Wilhelm Massing''' (30 August 1902 - 30 April 1979) was a German sociologist.
Born in the Westphalian town of Grumbach. He attended school in Cologne, and later studied economics and social sciences at the Frankfurt School about the same time [[Franz Leopold Neumann|Franz Neumann]] was there. He graduated in 1926 as a political economist. A year later he studied for one term at the Sorbonne in Paris and prepared his thesis on "agrarian conditions of France in 19th Century and the agrarian program of the French socialist parties". In 1928 he returned to the Frankfurt School and studied with Dr. W. Gerloff and attained a doctorate.
==Comintern career==
Afterwards Massing went to [[Moscow]], where he worked until 1931 at the International Agrarian Institute. When he returned to Germany Massing was active from 1931 to 1933 with the [[Communist Party of Germany]] (KPD) in Berlin. In 1933 Massing he was arrested by the [[National Socialist]]s under the [[Enabling Act]]. After five-month solitary confinement in Oranienburg, Massing wrote his autobiographic novel ''Schutzhäftling 880'', published 1935 under his pseudonym Karl Billinger, dedicated to the comrades in concentration camps.
After his release by an amnesty, he left Germany for Paris and then into the United States. He returned again to Germany and continued work in the [[Comintern]] underground. In the late 1930s he finally emigrated to the U.S. and lived for a time with his wife [[Hede Massing]] in an old farmhouse Quakerstown, Pennsylvania.
In the United States Massing continued writing about [[Hitler]], [[Nazism]], and [[Anti-Semitism]]. In 1942 Massing took a job at the Institute of Social Research at Columbia University in New York. Beginning in 1948 he taught political sociology for many years at Rutgers University in New Jersey.
The probably most meaningful work of Massings is, ''Rehearsal for Destruction: A Study Of Political Anti-Semitism in Imperial Germany'', which appeared in 1949. Under the title ''The Prehistory of Political Anti-Semitism'' with a preface of [[Max Horkheimer]] and [[Theodor Adorno]] appeared in 1959. His wife's book ''This Deception'', was first released in 1951 in which she discusses the exploits visited upon the two during their work first for the [[GRU]] but later the [[KGB]].
In 1977 Massing returned to his homeland lived the remaining two years of his life in Germany, where hs is now buried in the family plot at Grumbach.
==Books by Paul Massing==
*Paul Massing, ''Rehearsal for Destruction: A Study of Political Antisemitism in Imperial Germany''. (New York, 1949).
==References==
*Martin Jay, ''The Dialectical Imagination. A History of the Frankfurt School and the Institute of Social Research 1923-1950''. Little Brown and Company, Canada. 1973. [http://www.marxists.org/subject/frankfurt-school/jay/ch01.htm]
*Massing, Hede, ''This Deception'', New York, NY: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, (1951).
*Alexander Vassiliev, ''Notes on Anatoly Gorsky’s December 1948 Memo on Compromised American Sources and Networks'', 2003.
==External link==
*Massing, Hede, Chapter 4:.[http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:7u1ekYrM8skJ:www.alexanderstreet4.com/cgi-bin/asp/imld/getdoc.pl%3F/projects/artfla/databases/asp/imld/fulltext/IMAGE/.5908%26sortorder%3Ddocsequence+Gaik+Ovakimian&hl=en&start=16 The Routine of an Underground Agent], from ''This Deception''. New York, NY: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, (1951), pp. 335.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Massing, Paul}}
[[Category:KGB Agents and Sources]]
| style="background: #ccf; text-align: center;" | '''This article is part of the'''<br>'''[[Venona project|Venona]]'''<br>'''series.'''
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[Communist Party]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[Comintern]]
|-
|style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc"|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|<small>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:Ushistory&action=edit Edit this box]</small>
|}
'''Paul Wilhelm Massing''' (30 August 1902 - 30 April 1979) was a German sociologist.
Born in the Westphalian town of Grumbach. He attended school in Cologne, and later studied economics and social sciences at the Frankfurt School about the same time [[Franz Leopold Neumann|Franz Neumann]] was there. He graduated in 1926 as a political economist. A year later he studied for one term at the Sorbonne in Paris and prepared his thesis on "agrarian conditions of France in 19th Century and the agrarian program of the French socialist parties". In 1928 he returned to the Frankfurt School and studied with Dr. W. Gerloff and attained a doctorate.
==Comintern career==
Afterwards Massing went to [[Moscow]], where he worked until 1931 at the International Agrarian Institute. When he returned to Germany Massing was active from 1931 to 1933 with the [[Communist Party of Germany]] (KPD) in Berlin. In 1933 Massing he was arrested by the [[National Socialist]]s under the [[Enabling Act]]. After five-month solitary confinement in Oranienburg, Massing wrote his autobiographic novel ''Schutzhäftling 880'', published 1935 under his pseudonym Karl Billinger, dedicated to the comrades in concentration camps.
After his release by an amnesty, he left Germany for Paris and then into the United States. He returned again to Germany and continued work in the [[Comintern]] underground. In the late 1930s he finally emigrated to the U.S. and lived for a time with his wife [[Hede Massing]] in an old farmhouse Quakerstown, Pennsylvania.
In the United States Massing continued writing about [[Hitler]], [[Nazism]], and [[Anti-Semitism]]. In 1942 Massing took a job at the Institute of Social Research at Columbia University in New York. Beginning in 1948 he taught political sociology for many years at Rutgers University in New Jersey.
The probably most meaningful work of Massings is, ''Rehearsal for Destruction: A Study Of Political Anti-Semitism in Imperial Germany'', which appeared in 1949. Under the title ''The Prehistory of Political Anti-Semitism'' with a preface of [[Max Horkheimer]] and [[Theodor Adorno]] appeared in 1959. His wife's book ''This Deception'', was first released in 1951 in which she discusses the exploits visited upon the two during their work first for the [[GRU]] but later the [[KGB]].
In 1977 Massing returned to his homeland lived the remaining two years of his life in Germany, where hs is now buried in the family plot at Grumbach.
==Books by Paul Massing==
*Paul Massing, ''Rehearsal for Destruction: A Study of Political Antisemitism in Imperial Germany''. (New York, 1949).
==References==
*Martin Jay, ''The Dialectical Imagination. A History of the Frankfurt School and the Institute of Social Research 1923-1950''. Little Brown and Company, Canada. 1973. [http://www.marxists.org/subject/frankfurt-school/jay/ch01.htm]
*Massing, Hede, ''This Deception'', New York, NY: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, (1951).
*Alexander Vassiliev, ''Notes on Anatoly Gorsky’s December 1948 Memo on Compromised American Sources and Networks'', 2003.
==External link==
*Massing, Hede, Chapter 4:.[http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:7u1ekYrM8skJ:www.alexanderstreet4.com/cgi-bin/asp/imld/getdoc.pl%3F/projects/artfla/databases/asp/imld/fulltext/IMAGE/.5908%26sortorder%3Ddocsequence+Gaik+Ovakimian&hl=en&start=16 The Routine of an Underground Agent], from ''This Deception''. New York, NY: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, (1951), pp. 335.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Massing, Paul}}
[[Category:KGB Agents and Sources]]