Changes

Napoleon III, influenced by his mother and lessons of his detention following his failed coup of 1840, sincerely wanted to ameliorate the condition of the poor by promoting work and liberal labor laws. His socialist goals were, however, held in check by his need to maintain relations with the conservative elite that had supported him in his 1851 coup d'état and by his reluctance to form a Bonapartist party out of a desire for national unity.  

Napoleon III, influenced by his mother and lessons of his detention following his failed coup of 1840, sincerely wanted to ameliorate the condition of the poor by promoting work and liberal labor laws. His socialist goals were, however, held in check by his need to maintain relations with the conservative elite that had supported him in his 1851 coup d'état and by his reluctance to form a Bonapartist party out of a desire for national unity.  

===Architecture===

===Architecture===

An important legacy of Louis Napoleon was the rebuilding of [[Paris]]. [[Georges-Eugène Haussmann]], his city planner and administrative head of the project, carried out a massive restructuring of the city.  Paris was organized, modernized, and aggrandized and became a world-class city.  Napoleon's strong personal interest in architecture led to a revolution in the art's concepts and techniques. He modified the curriculum at French schools of architecture, promoted the application of engineering skills to design and construction, and vigorously supported the Paris Universal Expositions of 1855 and 1867. He presented to the world a totally new, progressive architectural style. His chief contribution was his insistence on the use of iron. Though the new opera house that he commissioned was old-fashioned in its gaudy pseudo-Baroque style, one can easily detect the outline of the iron skeleton that holds the building together. The use of iron was even more evident in the glass-and-iron main structure of Les Halles, the new central marketplace that he provided for Paris.  He sponsored functional structures that symbolized modern industrialism, such as the Paris Opera and the New Louvre. Napoleon's fascination with glass and iron illustrates his desire to make France an innovative, industrial nation.  Classical buildings of heavy masonry gave way to innovative iron structures, including the precursor of the modern skyscraper and, long after he was gone, the Eiffel Tower in 1889.  

An important legacy of Louis Napoleon was the rebuilding of [[Paris]]. [[Georges-Eugène Haussmann]], his city planner and administrative head of the project, carried out a massive restructuring of the city.  Paris was organized, modernized, and aggrandized and became a world-class city.  Napoleon's strong personal interest in architecture led to a revolution in the art's concepts and techniques. He modified the curriculum at French schools of architecture, promoted the application of engineering skills to design and construction, and vigorously supported the Paris Universal Expositions of 1855 and 1867. He presented to the world a totally new, progressive architectural style. His chief contribution was his insistence on the use of iron. Though the new opera house that he commissioned was old-fashioned in its gaudy pseudo-Baroque style, one can easily detect the outline of the iron skeleton that holds the building together. The use of iron was even more evident in the glass-and-iron main structure of Les Halles, the new central marketplace that he provided for Paris.  He sponsored functional structures that symbolized modern industrialism, such as the Paris Opera and the New Louvre. Napoleon's fascination with glass and iron illustrates his desire to make France an innovative, industrial nation.  Classical buildings of heavy masonry gave way to innovative iron structures, including the precursor of the modern skyscraper and, long after he was gone, the Eiffel Tower in 1889.

==Foreign policy==

==Foreign policy==