Changes

*Many key SDS members were "red-diaper babies," children of parents who were [[Communist Party]] members or Communist activists in the 1930s. In 1966, when President [[Lyndon Johnson]] abolished student draft deferments, some 300 new SDS chapters were formed. Among the organization's activities were: disrupting ROTC classes, staging draft card burnings, and harassing campus recruiters for the [[CIA]] and for firms that conducted research tied in some way to national defense. SDS also occupied buildings at universities such as Columbia and destroyed draft records.  

*Many key SDS members were "red-diaper babies," children of parents who were [[Communist Party]] members or Communist activists in the 1930s. In 1966, when President [[Lyndon Johnson]] abolished student draft deferments, some 300 new SDS chapters were formed. Among the organization's activities were: disrupting ROTC classes, staging draft card burnings, and harassing campus recruiters for the [[CIA]] and for firms that conducted research tied in some way to national defense. SDS also occupied buildings at universities such as Columbia and destroyed draft records.  

*At the 1968 [[Democrat]]ic Convention in Chicago, SDS protesters, organized by Tom Hayden, created a riot in order to destroy the electoral chances of the pro-war [[liberal]] [[Hubert Humphrey]], and thereby set the stage for a confrontation with the Nixon Administration over the [[Vietnam War]]. Hayden and his cohorts -- including [[Jerry Rubin]], [[Abby Hoffman]] and [[Black Panther]] [[Bobby Seale]] -- were arrested and indicted for crossing state lines to incite a riot. They became known as The Chicago Seven. In a celebrated trial (whose guilty verdict was subsequently overturned on a technicality), they were given token sentences.  

*At the 1968 [[Democrat]]ic Convention in Chicago, SDS protesters, organized by Tom Hayden, created a riot in order to destroy the electoral chances of the pro-war [[liberal]] [[Hubert Humphrey]], and thereby set the stage for a confrontation with the [[Richard Nixon|Nixon Administration]] over the [[Vietnam War]]. Hayden and his cohorts -- including [[Jerry Rubin]], [[Abby Hoffman]] and [[Black Panther]] [[Bobby Seale]] -- were arrested and indicted for crossing state lines to incite a riot. They became known as [[Chicago Seven Trial|The Chicago Seven]]. In a celebrated trial (whose guilty verdict was subsequently overturned on a technicality), they were given token sentences.  

*In 1969 SDS began imploding into factions. One of them, a group calling itself Weatherman, was elected to SDS leadership and proclaimed that the time had come to launch a race war on behalf of the Third World and against the United States. The new entity dissolved SDS and formed a terrorist cult in its place, which was given the name [[Weather Underground]]. [http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6723]

*In 1969 SDS began imploding into factions. One of them, a group calling itself Weatherman, was elected to SDS leadership and proclaimed that the time had come to launch a race war on behalf of the Third World and against the United States. The new entity dissolved SDS and formed a terrorist cult in its place, which was given the name [[Weather Underground]]. [http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6723]

==Factions==

==Factions==

Three major factions, all with a [[Maoist]] outlook and character, emerged within SDS competing against each other for control of the organization.  The three were,

Three major factions, all with a [[Maoist]] outlook and character, emerged within SDS competing against each other for control of the organization.  The three were,

*Ayers/Dohrn Action Faction, also known as the Weather Underground, led by Bernardine Dohrn, Mark Rudd, Jeff Jones, Bill Ayers, and others.

*Ayers/Dohrn Action Faction, also known as the Weather Underground, led by [[Bernardine Dohrn]], [[Mark Rudd]], [[Jeff Jones]], [[Bill Ayers]], and others.

*Revolutionary Youth Movement II (RYM II) led by Mike Klonsky, Marvin Treiger of the Revolutionary Union (RU), and others.

*Revolutionary Youth Movement II (RYM II) led by Mike Klonsky, Marvin Treiger of the Revolutionary Union (RU), and others.

*Worker Student Alliance (WSA) of the Progressive Labor Party (PLP), represented mainly by Jeff Gordon, Jared Israel and Fred Gordon. PLP shunned the counter-culture image of SDS and opposed the latter's calls for student revolution, urging young people instead to avoid doing anything that would alienate fellow students or their communities.<ref>[http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6197 Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP),] Retrieved from Discoverthenetworks.org, March 8, 2010. <small>"The Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP) is the premier Maoist party in the United States. Its earliest roots can be traced to June 1, 1962, when, in the immediate aftermath of that year's [[Sino-Soviet split]], approximately fifty members and ex-members of the [[U.S. Communist Party]] met at the Hotel Diplomat in New York. Favoring the Chinese brand of Communism over its Russian counterpart, these radicals founded the Progressive Labor Movement (PLM) to promote their political views. By 1966, the several-hundred-strong PLM renamed itself the Progressive Labor Party (PLP), which, at its first convention, decided to join forces with the radical Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). But PLP shunned the counter-culture image of SDS and opposed the latter's calls for student revolution -- urging young people instead to avoid doing anything that would alienate fellow students or their communities. PLP tried unsuccessfully to take over SDS's National Office, thereby pushing SDS even further to the political left -- toward hard-line Maoism. Opposition to PLP tactics led to the formation of yet another Maoist group, the Revolutionary Youth Movement, which eventually split into two factions -- one becoming the notorious terrorist group Weatherman; the other spawning a 1969 splinter group called the Bay Area Revolutionary Union (co-founded by H. Bruce Franklin, Robert Avakian, and Charles Hamilton), which would become the Revolutionary Communist Party in 1974."</small></ref>  By 1968 the PLP abandoned its support for "revolutionary" nationalism and concluded all forms of nationalism are reactionary.  As a result, the PLP opposed [[affirmative action]] and Black and Latino caucuses which undermined the PLP's relationship with black [[community organizer]]s.  The PLP's connections to the [[New Left]] in general were damaged because of its attack on the [[Black Panther Party]] (BPP) and black student movement.<ref>[http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ccbh/souls/vol1no4/vol1num4art1.pdf ''Black Like Mao: Red China and Black Revolution''], Robin D.G. Kelley and Betsy Esche, ''Souls'' Volume 1, Number 4 Fall 1999, pp. 11-12 in original (pp. 6-7 pdf).</ref>

*Worker Student Alliance (WSA) of the Progressive Labor Party (PLP), represented mainly by Jeff Gordon, Jared Israel and Fred Gordon. PLP shunned the counter-culture image of SDS and opposed the latter's calls for student revolution, urging young people instead to avoid doing anything that would alienate fellow students or their communities.<ref>[http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6197 Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP),] Retrieved from Discoverthenetworks.org, March 8, 2010. <small>"The Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP) is the premier Maoist party in the United States. Its earliest roots can be traced to June 1, 1962, when, in the immediate aftermath of that year's [[Sino-Soviet split]], approximately fifty members and ex-members of the [[U.S. Communist Party]] met at the Hotel Diplomat in New York. Favoring the Chinese brand of Communism over its Russian counterpart, these radicals founded the Progressive Labor Movement (PLM) to promote their political views. By 1966, the several-hundred-strong PLM renamed itself the Progressive Labor Party (PLP), which, at its first convention, decided to join forces with the radical Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). But PLP shunned the counter-culture image of SDS and opposed the latter's calls for student revolution -- urging young people instead to avoid doing anything that would alienate fellow students or their communities. PLP tried unsuccessfully to take over SDS's National Office, thereby pushing SDS even further to the political left -- toward hard-line Maoism. Opposition to PLP tactics led to the formation of yet another Maoist group, the Revolutionary Youth Movement, which eventually split into two factions -- one becoming the notorious terrorist group Weatherman; the other spawning a 1969 splinter group called the Bay Area Revolutionary Union (co-founded by H. Bruce Franklin, Robert Avakian, and Charles Hamilton), which would become the Revolutionary Communist Party in 1974."</small></ref>  By 1968 the PLP abandoned its support for "revolutionary" nationalism and concluded all forms of nationalism are reactionary.  As a result, the PLP opposed [[affirmative action]] and Black and Latino caucuses which undermined the PLP's relationship with black [[community organizer]]s.  The PLP's connections to the [[New Left]] in general were damaged because of its attack on the [[Black Panther Party]] (BPP) and black student movement.<ref>[http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ccbh/souls/vol1no4/vol1num4art1.pdf ''Black Like Mao: Red China and Black Revolution''], Robin D.G. Kelley and Betsy Esche, ''Souls'' Volume 1, Number 4 Fall 1999, pp. 11-12 in original (pp. 6-7 pdf).</ref>

==Soviet/CPUSA influence==

==Soviet/CPUSA influence==

SDS was an important subject within the Soviet directed and funded [[Communist Party USA]] (CPUSA) in early 1968. The CPUSA decided to fight for Moscow directed ideology within SDS; to include articles on SDS in its publications; and to begin to put many more CP youth (cadre) directly into SDS and into the SDS National Office in order to get direct access to the SDS leadership. The need and possibility for greater CPUSA participation in SDS, and the possibilities for CPUSA recruitment from SDS, were emphasized. [[Rennie Davis]] at this time associated with Don Hamerquist of the CPUSA National Committee who was working with [[New Left]] organizations to formulate a program for a communist movement in the U.S.

SDS was an important subject within the [[Soviet]] directed and funded [[Communist Party USA]] (CPUSA) in early 1968. The CPUSA decided to fight for [[Moscow]] directed ideology within SDS; to include articles on SDS in its publications; and to begin to put many more CP youth (cadre) directly into SDS and into the SDS National Office in order to get direct access to the SDS leadership. The need and possibility for greater CPUSA participation in SDS, and the possibilities for CPUSA recruitment from SDS, were emphasized. [[Rennie Davis]] at this time associated with Don Hamerquist of the CPUSA National Committee who was working with [[New Left]] organizations to formulate a program for a communist movement in the U.S.

Mike Klonsky's Revolutionary Youth Movement (RYM II) faction, along with the Ayers/Dohrn Action Faction Weather Underground later were to purge all CPUSA elements from SDS leadership positions in favor of the Beijing directed Maoist strain of violent revolutionary communism.  CPUSA elements accused Maoists of the Marxist capital crime of [[deviationism]], as Maoists likewise accused Moscow directed operatives of the same [[heresy]].

Mike Klonsky's Revolutionary Youth Movement (RYM II) faction, along with the Ayers/Dohrn Action Faction Weather Underground later were to purge all CPUSA elements from SDS leadership positions in favor of the Beijing directed Maoist strain of violent revolutionary communism.  CPUSA elements accused Maoists of the Marxist capital crime of [[deviationism]], as Maoists likewise accused Moscow directed operatives of the same [[heresy]].

==Maoist influence==

==Maoist influence==

By 1974 Maoism had supplanted the Soviet ideological doctrine guiding many [[New Left]] groups willing to use violence to achieve socialist revolution.  In ''[[Prairie Fire Organizing Committee|Prairie Fire]]'', Ayers, Dohrn and [[Jeff Jones]] identified the WUO primary strategy on the side of Maoist thought in the following way,  

By 1974 Maoism had supplanted the Soviet ideological doctrine guiding many [[New Left]] groups willing to use violence to achieve socialist revolution.  In ''[[Prairie Fire Organizing Committee|Prairie Fire]]'', [[William Ayers|Ayers]], [[Bernardine Dohrn|Dohrn]] and [[Jeff Jones]] identified the WUO primary strategy on the side of Maoist thought in the following way,  

{{cquote|The Chinese Revolution is a wonderful development in the advance of humanity. Mao Tse-tung and the Chinese Communist Party have made many important breakthroughs in developing revolutionary strategy in the semi-feudal, semi-colonial world. The thought common to Mao and [[Ho Chi-minh]] - that the central revolutionary force of our time is the oppressed nations and peoples of the world leading the liberation struggle against imperialism - is the guiding strategic principle of this era.}}

{{cquote|The Chinese Revolution is a wonderful development in the advance of humanity. Mao Tse-tung and the Chinese Communist Party have made many important breakthroughs in developing revolutionary strategy in the semi-feudal, semi-colonial world. The thought common to Mao and [[Ho Chi-minh]] - that the central revolutionary force of our time is the oppressed nations and peoples of the world leading the liberation struggle against imperialism - is the guiding strategic principle of this era.}}

=== Mark Rudd and the Columbia strike ===

=== Mark Rudd and the Columbia strike ===

Upon his return from Cuba, [[Mark Rudd]] was elected Chairman of the SDS Chapter at Columbia University and became a leader of violent disturbances.  It was believed by the [[FBI]] that such disturbances were planned in Cuba and that the visitors to Cuba received specific instruction from Cuban officials in regard to the demonstrations.  At Columbia, Rudd led the largest student strike in the United States.  Although there had been various demonstrations in prior years, the main feature of the spring 1968 strike that distinguished it from earlier demonstrations was Rudd's brand of confrontation politics which involved physical confrontation, including the take over of buildings and the ransacking of offices.  By the end of April, 1968, 700 to 1000 students had taken over five university buildings and eventually had to be removed by a force of 1000 policemen.  In addition to Rudd, a number of others involved in the leadership of the Columbia strike later played prominent roles in the [[Weathermen]] and [[Progressives for Obama]].  Rudd was later interviewed about the Columbia riots by the Cuban publication, ''Prensa Latina''.

Upon his return from Cuba, [[Mark Rudd]] was elected Chairman of the SDS Chapter at [[Columbia University]] and became a leader of violent disturbances.  It was believed by the [[FBI]] that such disturbances were planned in Cuba and that the visitors to Cuba received specific instruction from Cuban officials in regard to the demonstrations.  At Columbia, Rudd led the largest student strike in the United States.  Although there had been various demonstrations in prior years, the main feature of the spring 1968 strike that distinguished it from earlier demonstrations was Rudd's brand of confrontation politics which involved physical confrontation, including the take over of buildings and the ransacking of offices.  By the end of April, 1968, 700 to 1000 students had taken over five university buildings and eventually had to be removed by a force of 1000 policemen.  In addition to Rudd, a number of others involved in the leadership of the Columbia strike later played prominent roles in the [[Weathermen]] and [[Progressives for Obama]].  Rudd was later interviewed about the Columbia riots by the Cuban publication, ''Prensa Latina''.

===Carl Davidson meets with Castro===

===Carl Davidson meets with Castro===

SDS member [[Carl Davidson]] again visited Cuba in March. He and others had a three hour discussion with [[Fidel Castro]], and reportedly met with representatives of North Korea, North Vietnam and the People's Republic of China.  During the militant Labor Forum, held in April, Davidson reported on his meeting with Castro, stating that Castro now believed that a socialist revolution was possible in the United States.  Davidson later was to become active in [[Progressives for Obama]].

SDS member [[Carl Davidson]] again visited Cuba in March. He and others had a three hour discussion with [[Fidel Castro]], and reportedly met with representatives of North Korea, North Vietnam and the People's Republic of China.  During the militant Labor Forum, held in April, Davidson reported on his meeting with Castro, stating that Castro now believed that a socialist revolution was possible in the United States.  Davidson later was to become active in [[Progressives for Obama]].

During April, SDS activist Steven Halliwell visited North Vietnam; Ken Cloke<ref>In 1967, while CPUSA veteran Victor Rabinowitz served as the [[National Lawyers Guild]] (NLG) national president, Ken Cloke was hired as NLG national executive secretary at the sametime Bernardine Dohrn was hired as national student organizer. [http://www.usasurvival.org/docs/NLGWU2.pdf]</ref> later to become a Weatherman and Revolutionary Union (RU)<ref>The Revolutionary Union (RU), later to become the Revolutionary Communist Party (PCP), was a "Maoist offshoot of Students for a Democratic Society which sought a [[united front]] with other left-wing groups and had been infiltrating [[VVAW]] chapters around the country." [http://www.archive-news.net/Articles/FD041012.html Hanoi John: Kerry and the Antiwar Movement’s Communist Connections,] October 12, 2004. Retrieved from archive-news.net, March 2, 2010. The Revolutionary Union was an affiliate sponsor of Vietnam Veterans Against the War-Winter Soldier Organization demonstrations.  FBI Memo, “Demonstration Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War/Winter Soldier Organization (VVAW/WSO) at Washington, D.C., July 1-4, 1974,” FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 63, FBI HQ 100-448092 [http://web.archive.org/web/20061020164422/ice.he.net/~freepnet/fbifiles/100-HQ-448092/Section+63/Section+63.pdf Section 63, pp. 72-74] (pdf).  Full index online at [http://web.archive.org/web/20070208160606/http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI www.wintersolider.com,]</ref> member also met with a North Vietnamese delegation during this time in [[Sweden]].  

During April, SDS activist [[Steven Halliwell]] visited North Vietnam; [[Ken Cloke]]<ref>In 1967, while CPUSA veteran Victor Rabinowitz served as the [[National Lawyers Guild]] (NLG) national president, Ken Cloke was hired as NLG national executive secretary at the sametime Bernardine Dohrn was hired as national student organizer. [http://www.usasurvival.org/docs/NLGWU2.pdf]</ref> later to become a Weatherman and Revolutionary Union (RU)<ref>The Revolutionary Union (RU), later to become the Revolutionary Communist Party (PCP), was a "Maoist offshoot of Students for a Democratic Society which sought a [[united front]] with other left-wing groups and had been infiltrating [[VVAW]] chapters around the country." [http://www.archive-news.net/Articles/FD041012.html Hanoi John: Kerry and the Antiwar Movement’s Communist Connections,] October 12, 2004. Retrieved from archive-news.net, March 2, 2010. The Revolutionary Union was an affiliate sponsor of Vietnam Veterans Against the War-Winter Soldier Organization demonstrations.  FBI Memo, “Demonstration Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War/Winter Soldier Organization (VVAW/WSO) at Washington, D.C., July 1-4, 1974,” FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 63, FBI HQ 100-448092 [http://web.archive.org/web/20061020164422/ice.he.net/~freepnet/fbifiles/100-HQ-448092/Section+63/Section+63.pdf Section 63, pp. 72-74] (pdf).  Full index online at [http://web.archive.org/web/20070208160606/http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI www.wintersolider.com,]</ref> member also met with a North Vietnamese delegation during this time in [[Sweden]].  

At the 1968 June SDS National Convention meeting it was decided that SDS should align itself with students from other countries. The convention adopted resolutions of solidarity with the students of [[Germany]] and [[France]] and with the Iranian Student Association. The resolution dealing with [[Iran]] stated in part:

At the 1968 June SDS National Convention meeting it was decided that SDS should align itself with students from other countries. The convention adopted resolutions of solidarity with the students of [[Germany]] and [[France]] and with the Iranian Student Association. The resolution dealing with [[Iran]] stated in part:

=== 1968 riots at the Democratic National Convention ===

=== 1968 riots at the Democratic National Convention ===

Near the end of the Democratic National Convention, Tom Hayden reportedly went around to the various leaders including [[Rennie Davis]] and [[Bobby Seale]] and asked that when they returned to their home states they continue what began in Chicago.  The [[FBI]] summarized the activity at the Democratic National

Near the end of the Democratic National Convention, [[Tom Hayden]] reportedly went around to the various leaders including [[Rennie Davis]] and [[Bobby Seale]] and asked that when they returned to their home states they continue what began in Chicago.  The [[FBI]] summarized the activity at the Democratic National

Convention as follows:

Convention as follows:

{{cquote|... Rarely has any city been threatened all at one time with an invasion of 100 to 200 -thousand dissidents- plots to [[assassin]]ate [[government]]al dignitaries and prominent individuals; intentions to instigate major riots in varied ways, widespread [[sabotage]] of communication, transportation and electrical systems- proposals to pour [[hallucinogen]]ic [[drugs]] into the water supply; clandestine shipments of [[arms]] and [[ammunition]] into the city for use in sniper activities-and myriad forms of [[guerrilla warfare]]." ...}}

{{cquote|... Rarely has any city been threatened all at one time with an invasion of 100 to 200 -thousand dissidents- plots to [[assassin]]ate [[government]]al dignitaries and prominent individuals; intentions to instigate major riots in varied ways, widespread [[sabotage]] of communication, transportation and electrical systems- proposals to pour [[hallucinogen]]ic [[drugs]] into the water supply; clandestine shipments of [[arms]] and [[ammunition]] into the city for use in sniper activities-and myriad forms of [[guerrilla warfare]]." ...}}

[[Kathy Boudin]],<ref>[http://everything2.com/title/Kathy+Boudin Kathy Boudin]. Retrieved from Everything2.com February 18, 2010.</ref> [[Judy Clark]],<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=SD2TvqDh8EkC&pg=PA204&lpg=PA204&dq=Judy+Clark%2BSDS&source=bl&ots=aPO-rfFbIF&sig=y0abOaa1IgWM1RJ58e05awZLBNU&hl=en&ei=4wZ-S9qIMI7-tQPPoNn8Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Judy%20Clark%2BSDS&f=false ''The way the wind blew: a history of the Weather Underground''] By Ron Jacobs. googlebooks. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref> [[David Gilbert]],<ref>[http://www.prisonactivist.org/archive/pps+pows/davidgilbert/sds-wuo.html ''SDS/WUO: Students for a Democratic Society and the Weather Underground''], David Gilbert. Retrieved from the Prison Activist Resource Center website, February 18, 2010.</ref> [[Cathy Wilkerson]],<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qF0u2bykMlg Weather Underground Member Cathy Wilkerson], Youtube. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6914 ''“Let’s Have a Meeting:” Cathy Wilkerson on SDS Organizing''], Interviewed by Ron Grele 2/17/85, Columbia University Oral History Collection.</ref> [[Terry Robbins]],<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/14/nyregion/14about.html?pagewanted=print ''An Infamous Explosion, and the Smoldering Memory of Radicalism''], Jim Dwyer, ''[[New York Times]]'', November 14, 2007.</ref> and [[Ted Gold]]<ref>[http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3Aaudio%20AND%20collection%3Apacifica_radio_archives%20AND%20subject%3A%22Kanter%22 Pacifica Radio Archives]available at the Internet Archives. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref> were also prominent organizers.  Robbins and Gold were killed in the bomb factory blast, Wilkerson and Boudin survived.  Wilkerson, along with Dohrn, was placed on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted List and later convicted of illegal possession of dynamite. Her father owned the building in which the blast occurred.  Robbins was Ayers girlfriend at the time she was killed.<ref>Ron Radosh, [http://pajamasmedia.com/ronradosh/2008/11/06/shame-on-the-new-yorker/ ''Shame on The New Yorker'']. November 6th, 2008.  Retrieved from Pajamasmedia,com, February 20, 2010.</ref><ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section IV. Individuals. [http://foia.fbi.gov/weather/weath2a.pdf Page 215 in original (p. 30 pdf).]</ref> Judy Clark was convicted of three counts of felony murder and sentenced to 75 years to life for her role in the Brinks armored truck robbery.<ref>[http://www.judithclark.org/about.functions.php?view=about#7 About Judith Clark's Case & Appeal]. Retrieved from judithclark.org, February 20, 2010.</ref>

[[Kathy Boudin]],<ref>[http://everything2.com/title/Kathy+Boudin Kathy Boudin]. Retrieved from Everything2.com February 18, 2010.</ref> [[Judy Clark]],<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=SD2TvqDh8EkC&pg=PA204&lpg=PA204&dq=Judy+Clark%2BSDS&source=bl&ots=aPO-rfFbIF&sig=y0abOaa1IgWM1RJ58e05awZLBNU&hl=en&ei=4wZ-S9qIMI7-tQPPoNn8Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Judy%20Clark%2BSDS&f=false ''The way the wind blew: a history of the Weather Underground''] By Ron Jacobs. googlebooks. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref> [[David Gilbert]],<ref>[http://www.prisonactivist.org/archive/pps+pows/davidgilbert/sds-wuo.html ''SDS/WUO: Students for a Democratic Society and the Weather Underground''], David Gilbert. Retrieved from the Prison Activist Resource Center website, February 18, 2010.</ref> [[Cathy Wilkerson]],<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qF0u2bykMlg Weather Underground Member Cathy Wilkerson], Youtube. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6914 ''“Let’s Have a Meeting:” Cathy Wilkerson on SDS Organizing''], Interviewed by Ron Grele 2/17/85, Columbia University Oral History Collection.</ref> [[Terry Robbins]],<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/14/nyregion/14about.html?pagewanted=print ''An Infamous Explosion, and the Smoldering Memory of Radicalism''], Jim Dwyer, ''[[New York Times]]'', November 14, 2007.</ref> and [[Ted Gold]]<ref>[http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3Aaudio%20AND%20collection%3Apacifica_radio_archives%20AND%20subject%3A%22Kanter%22 Pacifica Radio Archives]available at the Internet Archives. Retrieved February 18, 2010.</ref> were also prominent organizers.  Robbins and Gold were killed in the bomb factory blast, Wilkerson and Boudin survived.  Wilkerson, along with Dohrn, was placed on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted List and later convicted of illegal possession of dynamite. Her father owned the building in which the blast occurred.  Robbins was Ayers girlfriend at the time she was killed.<ref>Ron Radosh, [http://pajamasmedia.com/ronradosh/2008/11/06/shame-on-the-new-yorker/ ''Shame on The New Yorker'']. November 6th, 2008.  Retrieved from Pajamasmedia,com, February 20, 2010.</ref><ref>Foreign Influence - Weather Underground Organization (WUO). FBI Chicago Field Office Report, August 20, 1976. Section IV. Individuals. [http://foia.fbi.gov/weather/weath2a.pdf Page 215 in original (p. 30 pdf).]</ref> Judy Clark was convicted of three counts of felony murder and sentenced to 75 years to life for her role in the Brinks armored truck robbery.<ref>[http://www.judithclark.org/about.functions.php?view=about#7 About Judith Clark's Case & Appeal]. Retrieved from judithclark.org, February 20, 2010.</ref>

Boudin and Gilbert were also convicted in the Brinks armored truck robbery.  Their son, Chesa Boudin,<ref>A review of Chesa Boudin's ''Gringo: A Coming of Age in Latin America'', states that not until the [[September 11, 2001  attacks]] did he begin to understand "the antipathy many of these Americans have for the country he left behind. As stockbrokers grab one another's hand and jump from the 90th floor of the [[World Trade Center]], Boudin's Chilean roommates celebrate the United States' comeuppance at the hands of [[Osama bin Laden]]." [http://www.oregonlive.com/books/index.ssf/2009/05/nonfiction_review_gringo.html]</ref> was raised by Ayers and Dohrn. Chesa Boudin co-authored a book entitled, ''The  Venezuelan Revolution'' sympathetic to the brand of communism promoted by Venezuelan dictator [[Hugo Chavez]]. In 2005 Ayers delivered a talk at the "World Education Forum" in Venezuela that was translated by Chesa Boudin. Ayers told the group:  

Boudin and Gilbert were also convicted in the Brinks armored truck robbery.  Their son, [[Chesa Boudin]],<ref>A review of Chesa Boudin's ''Gringo: A Coming of Age in Latin America'', states that not until the [[September 11, 2001  attacks]] did he begin to understand "the antipathy many of these Americans have for the country he left behind. As stockbrokers grab one another's hand and jump from the 90th floor of the [[World Trade Center]], Boudin's Chilean roommates celebrate the United States' comeuppance at the hands of [[Osama bin Laden]]." [http://www.oregonlive.com/books/index.ssf/2009/05/nonfiction_review_gringo.html]</ref> was raised by Ayers and Dohrn. Chesa Boudin co-authored a book entitled, ''The  Venezuelan Revolution'' sympathetic to the brand of communism promoted by Venezuelan dictator [[Hugo Chavez]]. In 2005 Ayers delivered a talk at the "World Education Forum" in Venezuela that was translated by Chesa Boudin. Ayers told the group:  

{{cquote|This is my fourth visit to Venezuela, each time at the invitation of my [[comrade]] and friend Luis Bonilla, a brilliant educator and inspiring fighter for justice. Luis has taught me a great deal about the Bolivarian Revolution and about the profound educational reforms underway here in Venezuela under the leadership of President Chavez. We share the belief that education is the motor-force of revolution, and I've come to appreciate Luis as a major asset in both the Venezuelan and the international struggle — I look forward to seeing how he and all of you continue to overcome the failings of capitalist education as you seek to create something truly new and deeply humane."<ref>World Education Forum, Centro Interncional Miranda, Caracas, November 2006. Retrieved from http://billayers.wordpress.com/2006/11/ February 21, 2010.</ref>}}

{{cquote|This is my fourth visit to Venezuela, each time at the invitation of my [[comrade]] and friend Luis Bonilla, a brilliant educator and inspiring fighter for justice. Luis has taught me a great deal about the Bolivarian Revolution and about the profound educational reforms underway here in Venezuela under the leadership of President Chavez. We share the belief that education is the motor-force of revolution, and I've come to appreciate Luis as a major asset in both the Venezuelan and the international struggle — I look forward to seeing how he and all of you continue to overcome the failings of capitalist education as you seek to create something truly new and deeply humane."<ref>World Education Forum, Centro Interncional Miranda, Caracas, November 2006. Retrieved from http://billayers.wordpress.com/2006/11/ February 21, 2010.</ref>}}