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Line 1: − {{Infobox person|+ − |name=Heinrich Himmler+ − |image = [[Image:H Himmler.png|220px|]] − − − |died = 23 May 1945 (aged 44)<br>[[Lüneburg]], [[Lower Saxony]], Germany − |nationality = [[German]] − |occupation =military commander, politician − |knownfor = − |title =[[Reichsführer-SS]] − |term =6 January 1929 – 29 April 1945 − |predecessor = [[Erhard Heiden]] − |successor = [[Karl Hanke]] − |title2 =The Chief of German Police in the Reich Ministry of the Interior − |term2 =17 June 1936 – 29 April 1945 − |title3 =Reich Commissioner for the Strengthening of Germandom − |term3 =7 October 1939 – 29 April 1945 − |title4 =Director of the Reich Main Security Office − |term4 =4 June 1942 – 30 January 1943 − |predecessor4 = [[Reinhard Heydrich]] − |successor4 = [[Ernst Kaltenbrunner]] − |title5 =Reich Minister of the Interior − |term5 =24 August 1943 – 29 April 1945 − |predecessor5 = [[Wilhelm Frick]] − |successor5 = [[Wilhelm Stuckart]] − |party = [[National Socialist German Workers' Party|NSDAP]] − |spouse = − }} − '''Heinrich Luitpold Himmler''' (7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was commander-in-chief of the [[Schutzstaffel]] (SS) and one of the most powerful men in the [[Greater German Empire]] and the [[NSDAP]] hierarchy. As Reichsführer-SS he controlled the SS and to a degree, all the German police and security forces (including the [[Gestapo]]). As founder and officer-in-charge of the labour camps and the [[Einsatzgruppen]] [[counter-insurgency]] groups, Himmler held final command responsibility for Germany’s security. − + + − == Early life == + − − Heinrich was named after his godparent, [[Prince Heinrich of Wittelsbach]] of the royal family of [[Bavaria]], who was tutored by his father Gebhard Himmler. In 1910, Himmler began attending elite secondary schools in Munich and Landshut, where studies revolved around classical literature. + − While he struggled in athletics, he did well in his schoolwork. Also, at the behest of his father, Heinrich kept a fairly extensive diary from age ten until he was 24. He enjoyed chess, harpsichord, stamp collecting, gardening and other extracurricular activities.+ + − In 1914 [[World War I]] began, and Himmler’s diaries from the time show that he was extremely interested in news pertaining to it. He began imploring his father to use his royal connections to obtain him a position as an officer candidate. His parents initially objected, yet eventually acquiesced, allowing him to train upon graduation from secondary school in 1918 with the [[11th Bavarian Regiment]]. Since he was not athletic, he struggled throughout his military training. Later in that same year, the war ended in Germany’s defeat. The [[Treaty of Versailles]], which the German Empire signed limiting its military numbers, ended his aspirations of becoming a professional army officer, and he was discharged; he never saw battle.+ + − From 1919 to 1922 Himmler studied [[agronomy]] at the Munich [[Technische Hochschule]] following a short-lived apprenticeship on a farm and subsequent illness. Himmler also began to think seriously about religion during his studies at Munich [[Technische Hochschule]]. In his diaries he claimed to be a devout [[Catholic]], and wrote that he would never turn away from the church. However, he was a member of a fraternity which he felt to be at odds with the tenets of the church: biographers have speculated Himmler was interested in [[Norse Mythology|Germanic Paganism]] and [[Ariosophy]], a religious dogma of racial superiority of the Aryan race, partly from his interests in folklore and mythology of the ancient Teutonic tribes of Northern Europe. + − + − In November of 1923, Himmler took part in the [[March on the Feldherrnhalle]] in [[Munich]] led by Hitler. In 1926 he met his wife in a hotel lobby while escaping a storm. Margarete Siegroth (née Boden) was blonde and blue-eyed, seven years older than Himmler, divorced, and Protestant. She was physically the epitome of the Nordic ideal. On 3 July 1928, the two were married and had their only child, their daughter Gudrun, on 8 August 1929. Himmler adored his daughter, and called her ''Püppi'' (“dolly”). Margarete later adopted a son, in whom Himmler showed little interest. Heinrich and Margarete’s marriage was difficult, and they separated in 1940 without seeking divorce. Himmler started to become friendly with a staff secretary, Hedwig Potthast, who left her job in 1941 and became his mistress. He fathered two children with her: a son, Helge (1942) and a daughter, Nanette Dorothea (1944).+ + − == Rise in the SS ==+ − [[Image:Himmler at desk.png|thumb|150px|Himmler and [[Karl Wolff]] share a joke at SS headquaters in Berlin.]] − Himmler joined the [[SS]] in 1925 and in 1927 was appointed deputy–Reichsführer-SS, a role he took very seriously. Upon the resignation of SS commander [[Erhard Heiden]], Himmler was appointed Reichsführer-SS in January 1929. At that time the SS had 280 members and was considered a mere battalion of the much larger [[Sturmabteilung]] (SA). − By 1933, when the Party gained power in Germany, Himmler’s SS numbered 52,000 members. Himmler, along with his deputy [[Reinhard Heydrich]], next began a massive effort to separate the SS from SA control; he introduced black SS uniforms (designed by Hugo Boss) to replace the SA brown shirts in the autumn of 1933. Shortly thereafter, he was promoted to SS-Obergruppenführer und Reichsführer-SS and became an equal of the senior SA commanders, who by this time were bitter rivals with the SS.+ + − Himmler, [[Hermann Göring]], and General [[Werner von Blomberg]] agreed that the SA and its leader [[Ernst Röhm]] posed a threat to the German Army and the leadership of Germany. Röhm had strong socialistic and populist views and believed that although Hitler had successfully gained power, the “real” revolution had not yet begun and that the SA should become the sole arms-bearing corp of the state. This left some party leaders believing Röhm was intent on using the SA to undertake a [[coup]].+ + − With persuasion from Himmler and Göring, Hitler agreed that Röhm had to be removed. He delegated the task of Röhm’s demise to Himmler and Göring who, along with Reinhard Heydrich, [[Kurt Daluege]] and [[Walter Schellenberg]], ordered the execution of Röhm (carried out by [[Theodor Eicke]]) and other senior SA officials, as well as some of Hitler’s personal enemies (like [[Gregor Strasser]] and [[Kurt von Schleicher]]) on 30 June 1934, in what became known as the [[Night of the Long Knives]] in ''German Nacht der langen Messer'', which is a falsified name, since the national socialists themselves never used that name.+ + − === Himmler about the future of SS ===+ − [[Image:Heinrich Himmler (1930s).png|thumb|Himmler in Germany, 1930s.]]+ − In a personal conversation with [[Artur Silgailis]], chief of staff of Inspection General the Latvian Legion, the [[Latvian Waffen-SS]], Heinrich Himmler outlined his future intentions with the SS and the [[organization]] of [[Europe]]:+ − <ul>He [Himmler] then singled out those nations which he regarded as belonging to the German family of nations and they were: the Germans, the Dutch, the Flemish, the Anglo-Saxons, the Scandinavians and the Baltic people. 'To combine all of these nations into one big family is the most important task at the present time' [Himmler said]. 'This unification has to take place on the principle of equality and at that same time has to secure the identity of each nation and its economical independence, of course, adjusting the latter to the interests of the whole German living space (...)<br> After the unification of all the German nations into one family, this family (...) has to take over the mission to include, in the family, all the Roman nations whose living space is favored by nature with a milder climate (...) I am convinced that after the unification, the Roman nations will be able to persevere as the Germans (...) <br>This enlarged family of the White race will then have the mission to include the Slavic nations into the family also because they too are of the White race (...) it is only with such a unification of the White race that the Western culture could be saved from the Yellow race (...)<br> At the present time, the Waffen-SS is leading in this respect because its organization is based on the principle of equality. The Waffen-SS comprises not only German, Roman and Slavic, but even Islamic units and at the same time has proven that every unit has maintained its national identity while fighting in close togetherness (...) I know quite well my Germans. The German always likes to think himself better but I would like to avert this. It is important that every Waffen-SS officer obeys the order of another officer of another nationality, as the officer of the other nationality obeys the order of the German officer. <ref>'''Silgailis, Artur''': ''Latvian Legion''. James Bender Publishing, 1986. p. 348 – 349.</ref> </ul> − However, since Himmler's speeches and utterings were largely falsified by the victors after the war, not authentic citations, like the above are not to be considered, as reality. The most well known fabrication of these is the so called Posen speech.+ − + − See [[Posen Speeches]].+ − ==See also==+ − − ==External links==+ − *[http://archive.is/20121228224257/thirdreichocculthistory.blogspot.co.uk/2011/08/ahnenerbe.html Himmler, the Ahnenerbe and the Wewelsburg] at The Occult History of the Third Reich − * [http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v18/v18n5p50_Stoddard.html The National Socialist Party in Third Reich Germany: Himmler Talks with American journalist Lothrop Stoddard] − === Article archives ===+ − *[http://codoh.com/library/categories/889/ Codoh: Himmler, Heinrich]+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − <references/>+ − − − + − + − [[Category:German]]+ − + − [[Category:SS officers]]+ − [[Category:SS]]+ − + + + + + + + + + + + + − {{wikipedia}}+ + − [[de:Himmler, Heinrich]]+ − + − + − + − + − + − + − + + +
Reverted edits by CruzAmerica (talk) to last revision by JohnJustice
[[Image:Himmler.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Heinrich Himmler]]
'''Heinrich Himmler''' (1900-1945), was a [[German]] [[Nazi]] Party leader, head of the Schutzstaffel (Protective squadron; [[SS]]) and of the dreaded [[Gestapo]] (Secret state police). Starting from a junior position in the SS, by 1941 he was the second most powerful Nazi and designed many of the [[National Socialist]] programs. His loyalty to [[Adolf Hitler]] (until near the end), combined with his organizational skills, ambition, and his sadistic nature, made him one of the most notorious [[war criminal]]s of [[World War II]]. As chief of police for all of [[Germany]], Himmler was responsible for establishing [[concentration camp]]s and death camps. Himmler oversaw the [[Holocaust]], the mass murder of 6 million [[Jew]]s. During the war he built up the military strength of his SS, which became a de facto fourth branch of the German [[military]]. After Hitler dismissed him from all his offices in April 1945, Himmler was captured at war's end by the [[British]] Army. However, he committed suicide before the Allies could put him on trial for war crimes at the [[Nuremberg Trials]].
|caption =
|born = 7 October 1900<br>[[Munich]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]
Himmler, of all the National Socialist leaders, was the one most interested in medievalist German folkishness and further back into deep history of the [[Indo-European]] peoples. Some of these tendencies were not particularly embraced by Hitler who was more of a [[classicist]] in cultural disposition. Much of the research in this area was undertaken as part of the [[Ahnenerbe]] project. Himmler is said to have believed himself to be the reincarnation of Holy Roman Emperor [[Otto I the Great]] and had a strong mystical bent.
==Background==
Himmler was born near [[Munich]] on October 7, 1900. His father Gebhard Himmler was a teacher and his mother a [[Roman Catholic]]. Himmler was the middle child of the family. He had an older brother, Gebhard (born 1898) and a younger brother, Ernst (born 1905).
A leading psycho[[historian]], UCLA Professor Peter Loewenberg, has attempted a retrospective psychoanalysis of Himmler's childhood and youth, using his diaries, shows him to have been systematic, rigid, controlled, and blocked of affect. His character structure was of the obsessive-compulsive schizoid type, meaning withdrawn emotionally from the external world and existing in a repressed internal psychic world. He used his diary to guard against feelings rather than to express them. The period 1919-22 was marked by acute identity diffusion. His sexual, social, vocational, and religious identities were in flux. The diary shows gender role confusion, a desire to emigrate from Germany, vacillation between animal husbandry and a bourgeois vocation, and strong conflict on the issue of dueling, which contravened his Roman Catholic faith. Himmler, as an adolescent, was a conventional rather than pathological anti-Semite. He acquired virulent [[anti-Semitism]] after 1919 because of his identification with nationalistic [[xenophobic]] paramilitary groups. He joined the Nazi Party in 1923 and the SS in 1925. Himmler became a professional bureaucrat par excellence. As Reichsführer-SS, he carried out the most sadistic orders without any show of feeling. Thus the flat, cold, emotionally colorless, adolescent Himmler became a writing desk murderer as an adult - a consistency that relates the child to the man.<ref>Peter J. Loewenberg, "The Unsuccessful Adolescence of Heinrich Himmler." ''American Historical Review'' 1971 76(3): 612-641. Issn: 0002-8762 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8762(197106)76%3A3%3C612%3ATUAOHH%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D Fulltext: in Jstor] and Werner T. Angress and Bradley F. Smith, "Diaries of Heinrich Himmler's Early Years." ''Journal of Modern History'' 1959 31(3): 206-224. Issn: 0022-2801 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2801(195909)31%3A3%3C206%3ADOHHEY%3E2.0.CO%3B2-%23 Fulltext: in Jstor ]</ref><ref>Weale, (2010)</ref>
Himmler was born in [[Munich]] to a [[Bavarian]] family. His father was Joseph Gebhard Himmler, a secondary-school teacher and principal of the prestigious ''Wittelsbacher [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]]'' in Munich. His mother was Anna Maria Himmler (née Heyder), a devout [[Roman Catholic]] and attentive mother. Heinrich had an older brother, Gebhard Ludwig Himmler (29 July 1898–), and a younger brother, Ernst Hermann Himmler (23 December 1905–). His father and mother were strict but actively involved in the rearing of their three children.
He attended the Technical College in Munich and enlisted with the reserve battalion of the Eleventh Bavarian Infantry Regiment in late 1917. He served during [[World War I]] as a clerk and was disappointed he did not see any combat service before the war ended in November 1918. He joined the ranks of a nationalistic paramilitary group known as the Reichskriegsflagge (Imperial War Flag) in 1919. Its leader was future chief of the Nazi SA storm troopers, [[Ernst Röhm]]. This paramilitary group was closely affiliated with the [[Nazi Party]]. Himmler also joined the Nazi Party in August 1923. He took part in the [[Beer Hall Putsch]] of November 1923. After the failure of the Putsch to seize power, Himmler returned home after losing his job over taking part in the event. Soon after, he became a propaganda assistant in the Nazi Party, serving under Gregor Strasser in Bavaria. He then was promoted to being charge of the party office in the area. In 1925, Himmler joined the SS and by January 1929 he was appointed the fourth leader of the SS. He went on to become its longest and most influential leader. When he took over, it was made up of only 280 men and considered an elite bodyguard unit.<ref>Weale, (2010); Gerwarth (2011)</ref>
==Nazi Germany==
Himmler proved the most successful empire-builder in the Nazi movement, enlarging his powers and range of activity every year.
===Chief of German police===
When Hitler came to power in January 1933, Himmler controlled the "Schutzstaffel" ("Protection Squadron"; SS) which at the time was a 50,000-man sub-branch of the Nazi Party. In March Himmler became the Polizeipräsident in Munich. In April 1933 the political and intelligence sections of the Prussian police were combined into one unit and named the "Geheime Staatspolizei" (the [[Gestapo]]). It was under the control of then Prussian Ministry of Interior, [[Hermann Goering]]. During 1933-34, Himmler and Heydrich took over the political police departments in each German state until only Prussia was left. On April 20, 1934, Goering handed over the Gestapo to Himmler for use in the purge of the [[SA]]. Himmler appointed SD chief [[Reinhard Heydrich]], his second in command, the director of the Gestapo.
At first Ernst Röhm's SA ("brownshirts"), with 2.9 million members, was a much larger and more powerful part of the Nazi Party than Himmler's SS ("blackshirts"). That suddenly changed in June 1934 as a result of a power struggle between the SA, which had a more radical vision than Hitler would tolerate, and a coalition of Himmler, Goering, the army and big business wanted eliminated from power. The army feared the SA would absorb it into its ranks or become a people's army. Himmler and Heydrich prepared the list of Röhm's SA associates who were executed or imprisoned in the "[[Night of the Long Knives]]" which took place between June 30 and July 2, 1934. Hitler had Röhm killed, as well. As a result, Himmler and his SS gained enormously; the SS was now its own separate branch and Himmler reported only to Hitler.<ref> The SA lost most of its members and all of its power. Evans (2005), pp. 31-41; Kershaw (1998) 1: pp. 499-522</ref><ref>Weale, (2010); Gerwarth (2011)</ref>
Himmler became a disbeliever of Christian doctrine and was also very critical of sermons given by priests, but felt that the teachings of the church were of the utmost importance to Aryans, as he thought, as most people think, that a “supreme deity” rules the world.
On June 17, 1936, Hitler appointed Himmler chief of German police in the Ministry of Interior. With this appointment, Himmler consolidated his power over all police and security forces throughout Germany. That same year, he formed the (Sicherheitspolizei or SiPo) (Security police). The SiPo was made up of two sub-branches, the Kriminalpolizei (national criminal police) and the Gestapo, under Heydrich's overall command. The first official concentration camp was set up by Himmler in March 1933. By 1936 Himmler's SS opened 17 concentration camps for political prisoners (these were different from the death camps opened after 1941).<ref>Evans (2005), pp. 50-55, 84; Burleigh (2000), pp. 178-97</ref><ref>McNab (2009)</ref>
===SS finances===
Himmler created a powerful "state within a state" as the the SS acquired more than forty businesses with some 150 plants and factories. Together with money and valuables seized from Jews they paid for the Holocaust and financed the training and equipping of 38 SS divisions.
At first Himmler's SS was underfunded because his enemies in the party controlled the money. As late as 1938, only 3,500 of 14,000 SS officers received monthly pay; the rest were volunteers. Himmler turned to the concentration camps -- not yet killing camps -- to raise money. Prisoners could be ransomed for a large sum; others had to pay for their keep. Factories were set up in the camps as the prisoners became slave laborers for commercial enterprises owned by the SS. For example the Gesellschaft fur Textil- und Lederverwertung GmbH (Society for Textile and Leather Work, Ltd.), in Ravensbruck, the women's concentration camp, produced uniforms.<ref>Goldin (1998)</ref> The possessions were salvaged and resold from the Jews who were killed in the gas chambers. SS officials took bribes from Jews and employers of Jews.
==War years==
In 1943 Himmler was appointed Minister of the Interior and strengthened his grip on the civil service and the courts. The SS grew rapidly as Himmler sought a new human type, men keeping their various professional competences but each becoming a part of the intricate fabric of the SS. To its police activities the SS added protection of the German Volk in Poland and elsewhere, their "blood" and their unity, and also the protection of the Nazi leadership. For Himmler the paradoxical mystical motif of his understanding was the SS's great struggle against what Himmler called the two pillars of evil, the Jews and the Slavs.
===Holocaust===
On January 20, 1942, [[Reinhard Heydrich]], Himmler's second-in-command, chaired the [[Wannsee Conference]] to plan the systematic roundup and execution of all Jews the Nazis could reach. The Conference ensured inter-agency co-operation and set strategy and financing. Among Heydrich's directives, [[Adolf Eichmann]], chief of Gestapo sub-section IVB4, the SS's Jewish office, was charged with arranging deportation financing. Eichmann forced Jews into paying for their own deportation. In February 1942 Himmler and another aide Oswald Pohl reorganized SS administrative and economic offices to form the SS Wirtschaft-und Verwaltungshauptamt (Economic and Administrative Head Office, or WVHA). The Inspectorate of Concentration Camp became part of the WVHA, and Himmler promoted Pohl to Obergruppenfuhrer und General der Waffen-SS, making him the third highest-ranking officer in the SS. Eighteen weeks after Wannsee, a Czechoslovak commando team with British support assassinated Heydrich, advancing Pohl to the second slot under Himmler. Meanwhile Himmler had special powers in Poland, where he feuded with the official supposedly in charge Hans Frank.<ref>Burleigh (2000), pp. 454, 646-51</ref>
===Waffen-SS in combat===
Himmler had dreams of his own army, which were strenuously opposed by the regular army. He managed to field three division of the '''Waffen-SS''' on the eastern front in 1941-42; their ferocity impressed Hitler and the SS was allowed to recruit volunteers directly from devoted Nazi youth groups. The Wehrmacht, however, intensely disliked the SS troops, so Himmler had to use his negotiating skills directly with Hitler to remove his SS formations from army control. The compromise was that SS generals took orders from the army, and in turn commanded their own SS troops.<ref> Burleigh 438ff </ref> By the end of the war, Himmler's SS supplied 38 Waffen-SS divisions comprising volunteers from the [[Hitler Youth]] and from other countries across Europe. The Waffen-SS was noted for its fanaticism, brutality, and war crimes.
In July 1944, after the failed army plot against Hitler's life, Himmler reached the apex of his power. With the added position of Commander in Chief of the German Home Forces, he became on paper, the most powerful man in Germany, rivaling in many aspects the power of Hitler.<ref>Padfield (1990)</ref>
==Finale==
As the Allied forces penetrated into Germany from east and west, Himmler opened negotiations for a separate peace with the U.S. and Britain. After this move failed, Himmler fled in disguise as Hitler disowned him. On May 21, 1945, Himmler, disguised as an German soldier, was captured by the British. Two days later, during a routine interrogation, Himmler removed his eyepatch, put on his spectacles and told the British officer who he was. He then committed suicide by biting down onto a concealed [[cyanide]] capsule<ref>Weale, (2010)</ref>; a sensible course of action, as he would certainly have been executed after the [[Nuremburg trials]] for his actions.
He was buried in an unmarked grave. There are no monuments, and indeed everything he built was systematically eradicated.
=== Posen Speeches ===
==Commentary==
Himmler was one of the most sinister of all the Nazi leaders. Millions were killed by men under his command.
*[He was] meticulous, calculating and efficient, [with an] astonishing capacity for work and irrepressible power-lust. [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/himmler.html]
* [[Ahnenerbe]]
Hitler depended upon Himmler's loyalty up to nearly the end when it was discovered Himmler was negotiating with the Western Powers. <ref> [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol46no1/article04.html Reichsführer Himmler Pitches Washington] Sweden, John H. Waller, Studies in Intelligence, CSI Publications, Unclassified Studies Volume 46, Number 1, 2002.</ref> [[Friedrich Hayek]], an [[Austrian]] [[economist]], in a chapter entitled "Why the worst get on top" of his contemporaneous ''Road to Serfdom'' observed "Advancement within a [[totalitarian]] group or party depends largely on a willingness to do [[immoral]] things. The principle that the end justifies the means, which in individualist ethics is regarded as the denial of all [[moral]]s, in [[collectivist]] [[ethics]] becomes necessarily the supreme rule. There is literally nothing which the consistent collectivist must not be prepared to do if it serves ‘the good of the whole’, because that is to him the only criterion of what ought to be done." <ref>Friedrich A. Hayek, ''Road to Serfdom'', [http://www.iea.org.uk/files/upld-publication43pdf?.pdf Why the worst get on top], pg. 43 - 49, Reader's Digest Condensed Version, April 1945.</ref> Himmler displayed the brutal nature of this collectivist mentality taken to its logical extreme wherein he explained,
{{Cquote|Whether 10,000 Russian females fall down from exhaustion while digging an anti-tank ditch or not interests me only in so far as the anti-tank ditch for Germany is finished. <ref>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/himmler_remarks.html Reichsführer-SS Himmler speaking to SS Major-Generals, Poznan, October 4, 1943], Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression- Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1946, Vol. IV, p. 559. Retrieved from the jewishvirtuallibrary.org 06/16/07.</ref>}}
== Quotes from Heinrich Himmler ==
* "In the course of history periods of [[capitalism]] and [[socialism]] alternate with one another; capitalism is the unnatural, socialism the natural [[economic system]]...The [[National Socialists]] and the [[Communists|Red Front]] have the same aspirations. The [[Jew]]s falsified the Revolution in the form of [[Marxism]] and that failed to bring fulfillment." -- Speech in [[Potsdam]] (4 October 1943), quoted in Peter Longerich, Heinrich Himmler (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), pp. 92-93.
* "The best political weapon is the [[terrorism|weapon of terror]]. Cruelty commands respect. Men may hate us. But, we don't ask for their love; only for their fear." -- Quoted in "Visions of Reality - A Study of Abnormal Perception and Behavior" - by Alberto Rivas - Psychology - 2007 - Page 162
* "In the brief monthly reports of the Security Police, I only want figures on how many Jews have been shipped off and how many are currently left." -- To Ernst Kaltenbrunner. Quoted in "Hitler and the Final Solution" - by Gerald Fleming - History - 1987, p. 137.
* "I also want to mention a very difficult subject before you here, completely openly. It should be discussed among us, and yet, nevertheless, we will never speak about it in public. Just as we did not hesitate on 30 June to carry out our duty, as ordered, and stand comrades who had failed against the wall and shoot them. About which we have never spoken, and will never speak. That was, thank God, a kind of tact natural to us, a foregone conclusion of that fact, that we have never conversed about it amongst ourselves, never spoken about it, everyone shuddered and everyone was clear that the next time he would do the same thing again, if it were commanded and necessary. I am talking about the "Jewish evacuation"; the extermination of the Jewish people. It is one of those things that is easily said. "The Jewish people are being exterminated," every party member will tell you, "perfectly clear, it's part of our plans, we're eliminating the Jews, exterminating them, Ha! A small matter." And then along they all come, all the 80 million upright Germans, and each one has his decent Jew. They say: all others are swine, but here is a first-class Jew." -- The Posen speech to SS officers (6 October 1943)
== See also ==
* [[Dictatorship]]
** [[Dictator]]
** [[List of dictators]]
** [[Friendly dictator]]
** [[Dictatorship of the proletariat]]
** [[List of Communist States]]
** [[List of Socialist States]]
** [[Death toll of communism]]
** [[Coup d'etat]]
* [[Cult of personality]]
* [[Single-party state]]
* [[Mobocracy]], [[Social Effects of the Theory of Evolution]], [[Anti-Semitism]], [[Communist Racism]], [[Genocide]], [[Holocaust]]
* [[Big government]] [[Welfare state]] leads to [[Nanny state]], leads to [[Police state]]: [[Globalist]]-[[Statist]]-[[Socialist]]-[[Communist]]
* [[Liberal totalitarianism]]
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Himmler,Heinrich}}
[[Category:1900 births]]
==Bibliography==
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
* Breitman, Richard. ''The Architect of Genocide: Himmler and the Final Solution'' (1992) [http://www.amazon.com/Architect-Genocide-Solution-Institute-European/dp/0874515963/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1195982257&sr=1-8 excerpt and text search]
* Burleigh, Michael. ''The Third Reich: A New History'' (2000), stresses central role of antisemitism.
[[Category:NSDAP officials]]
* Dederichs, Mario. ''Heydrich: The Face of Evil'' (2006)
* Evans, Richard J. ''The Third Reich in Power: 1933-1939'' (2005)
* Friedlander, Saul. ''Nazi Germany and the Jews: Volume 1: The Years of Persecution 1933-1939'' (1998)
[[Category:National Socialism and Esotericism]]
* Friedlander, Saul. ''The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945'' (2007), the standard history [http://www.amazon.com/Years-Extermination-Nazi-Germany-1939-1945/dp/0060190434/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1195979435&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Gerwarth, Robert. ''Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich'' (2011)
* Goldin, Milton. "Financing the SS", ''History Today'', (Jun 1998), Vol. 48, Issue 6 full text in Academic Search Premier
* Gutman, Israel, ed. ''Encyclopedia of the Holocaust,'' 4 vol (1989)
* Kershaw, Ian. ''Hitler'' (2 vol, 1998, 2000), the standard biography.
* Loewenberg, Peter J. "The Unsuccessful Adolescence of Heinrich Himmler", ''American Historical Review'' 1971 76(3): 612-641. Issn: 0002-8762 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8762(197106)76%3A3%3C612%3ATUAOHH%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D in Jstor]
* Manvell, Roger, and Heinrich Fraenkel. ''Heinrich Himmler: The SS, Gestapo, His Life and Career'' (2007)
* McNab, Chris. ''The SS: 1923–1945'' (2009)
* Padfield, Peter. ''Himmler: Reichsführer-SS'' (1990)
* Smith, Bradley F. ''Heinrich Himmler: A Nazi in the Making, 1900-1926'' (1971)
* Wachsmann, Nikolaus. "Looking into the Abyss: Historians and the Nazi Concentration Camps" ''European History Quarterly'' 2006; v 36; pp247+ [http://ehq.sagepub.eom/cgi/content/abstract/36/2/247 online]
* Weale, Adrian. ''The SS: A New History'' (2010)
===Primary sources===
* Angress, Werner T., and Bradley F. Smith, "Diaries of Heinrich Himmler's Early Years." ''Journal of Modern History'' 1959 31(3): 206-224. Issn: 0022-2801 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2801(195909)31%3A3%3C206%3ADOHHEY%3E2.0.CO%3B2-%23 Jstor]
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