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→Examples of Theocracies
==Examples of Theocracies==
==Examples of Theocracies==
* Pagan kingdoms and empires under god-kings and [[pharaoh]]s and [[shaman]]s in ancient times before 1000 B.C. and up into the 19th century, in the [[Far East]], [[India]], [[Africa]], Pre-colonial [[Americas]] and [[Polynesia|Pacific islands]].
* Pagan kingdoms and empires under god-kings and [[pharaoh]]s and [[shaman]]s in ancient times before 1000 B.C. and up into the 19th century, in the [[Far East]], [[India]], [[Africa]], Pre-colonial [[Americas]] and [[Polynesia|Pacific islands]].
* [[Plato]]'s ideal [[Republic]].
* [[Israel]] was a theocracy before [[Saul|King Saul]] was anointed c. 1040 as God's representative, subject to the prophet [[Samuel]].
* [[Israel]] was a theocracy before [[Saul|King Saul]] was anointed c. 1040 as God's representative, subject to the prophet [[Samuel]].
* [[Arabia]] and the [[Middle East]] under [[Mohammed]] and [[Islam]]ic [[caliph]]s and [[sultan]]s
* [[Arabia]] and the [[Middle East]] under [[Mohammed]] and [[Islam]]ic [[caliph]]s and [[sultan]]s
* The legendary (fictional) kingdom of [[Prester John]] beginning the 12th century.
* The [[Papal States]] under the Catholic popes, until 1870.
* The [[Papal States]] under the Catholic popes, until 1870.
* The [[Vatican]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] is a formal [[Christian]] theocracy, with the [[Pope]] as head of both church and state. By technicality, [[Vatican City]] is a theocracy, as it is ruled by the Pope, placed by a divine election.
* The [[Vatican]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] is a formal [[Christian]] theocracy, with the [[Pope]] as head of both church and state. By technicality, [[Vatican City]] is a theocracy, as it is ruled by the Pope, placed by a divine election.
* Only two democracies reserve places in their legislature specifically for representatives of the state religion, these are the aforementioned Islamic Republic of Iran and the [[United Kingdom]] where Bishops of the [[Church of England]] sit in the upper chamber, the [[House of Lords]] under the designation of Lords Spiritual.
* Only two [[Democracy|democracies]] reserve places in their legislature specifically for representatives of the state religion, these are the aforementioned Islamic [[Republic]] of Iran and the [[United Kingdom]] where Bishops of the [[Church of England]] sit in the upper chamber, the [[House of Lords]] under the designation of Lords Spiritual.
==Theocracy as tyranny==
==Theocracy as tyranny==